Metacognition Research in Psychosis: Uncovering and Adjusting the Prisms That Distort Subjective Reality

Moritz, Steffen; Lysaker, Paul H.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sby151

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…People with first-episode psychosis (FEP) experience deficits in social cognition 1 and metacognition 2 , 3 , which compromise their abilities in thinking about their own and others’ mental activities 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persons with first episode psychosis have distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

et al. 2021

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Subjects with first-episode psychosis experience substantial deficits in social cognition and metacognition. Although previous studies have investigated the role of profiles of individuals in social cognition and metacognition in chronic schizophrenia, profiling subjects with first-episode psychosis in both domains remains to be investigated. We used latent profile analysis to derive profiles of the abilities in 174 persons with first-episode psychosis using the Beck’s Cognitive Insight Scale, the Faces Test, the Hinting Task, the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire, and the Beads Task. Participants received a clinical assessment and a neuropsychological assessment. The best-fitting model was selected according to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). We assessed the importance of the variables via a classification tree (CART). We derived three clusters with distinct profiles. The first profile (33.3%) comprised individuals with low social cognition. The second profile (60.9%) comprised individuals that had more proneness to present jumping to conclusions. The third profile (5.7%) presented a heterogeneous profile of metacognitive deficits. Persons with lower social cognition presented worse clinical and neuropsychological features than cluster 2 and cluster 3. Cluster 3 presented significantly worst functioning. Our results suggest that individuals with FEP present distinct profiles that concur with specific clinical, neuropsychological, and functional challenges. Each subgroup may benefit from different interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metacognition refers to “thinking about thinking” 3 . One of the many domains that fall under the umbrella of metacognition is cognitive insight, which refers to the set of cognitive processes that permit questioning one’s beliefs and appraisals, and re-evaluating anomalous experiences and misinterpretations 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persons with first episode psychosis have distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

et al. 2021

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“…More recently, research on human confidence, and metacognition more generally, has accelerated and branched off to other domains such as mental illnesses (Rouault et al, 2018;Hoven et al, 2019;Moritz and Lysaker, 2019;Seow et al, 2021) and education (Fleur et al, 2021). Two main quantitative characteristics have emerged to describe subjective reports of confidence: metacognitive bias and metacognitive sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse engineering of metacognition

Guggenmos

2021

Preprint

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The human ability to introspect on thoughts, perceptions or actions – metacognitive ability – has become a focal topic of both cognitive basic and clinical research. At the same time it has become increasingly clear that currently available quantitative tools are limited in their ability to make unconfounded inferences about metacognition. As a step forward, the present work introduces a comprehensive framework and model of metacognition that allows for inferences about metacognitive noise and metacognitive biases during the readout of type 1 decision values or at the confidence reporting stage. The model assumes that confidence results from a continuous but noisy and potentially biased transformation of decision values, described by a confidence link function. A canonical set of metacognitive noise distributions is introduced which differ, amongst others, in their predictions about metacognitive sign flips of type 1 decision values. Successful recovery of model parameters is demonstrated and the model is validated on an empirical data set. In particular, it is shown that metacognitive noise and bias parameters correlate with conventional behavioral measures. Crucially, in contrast to these conventional measures, metacognitive noise parameters inferred from the model are shown to be independent of type 1 performance. This work is accompanied by a toolbox (ReMeta) that allows researchers to estimate key parameters of metacognition in confidence datasets.

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“…reflecting upon one's own cognition. The term metacognition is not used uniformly within the psychopathology literature, but broadly refers to "thinking about thinking" (Moritz & Lysaker, 2018). And indeed, studies have found associations between insight and metacognition (Vohs et al, 2015;Lysaker et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term metacognition is not used uniformly within the psychopathology literature, but broadly refers to "thinking about thinking" (Moritz & Lysaker, 2018). And indeed, studies have found associations between insight and metacognition (Vohs et al, 2015;Lysaker et al, 2019). Integrative models have been proposed, where poor insight is seen as multi-determined by above-mentioned factors such as psychotic symptoms, stigma, neurocognition, metacognition and social cognition Vohs et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Perception Predicts Awareness of Illness in Persons With Schizophrenia

Feyer

Andersson²,

Büchmann³

et al. 2020

J Nerv Ment Dis

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Lack of clinical insight in patients with schizophrenia is an obstacle to optimal treatment. Social cognition is one of several variables central to insight deficits in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical insight in relation to one domain of social cognition, social perception, while controlling for effects of non-social cognition and symptom severity. Clinical insight was measured in fifty-five patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, using the Birchwood Insight Scale. Relationships across Domains was used to assess Social Perception. Social perception predicted one of three subscales of clinical insight; "Awareness of illness", and was the only unique contributor to this subscale. This indicates that social perception is linked to clinical insight through awareness of illness.More research is needed to fully understand the relationship between social and non-social cognition and symptoms in relation to clinical insight.

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Metacognition Research in Psychosis: Uncovering and Adjusting the Prisms That Distort Subjective Reality

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Persons with first episode psychosis have distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Persons with first episode psychosis have distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Reverse engineering of metacognition

Social Perception Predicts Awareness of Illness in Persons With Schizophrenia

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