Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life

Lysaker, Paul H.; Carcione, Antonino; Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Johannesen, Jason; Nicolò, Giuseppe; Procacci, Michele; Semerari, Antonio

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00514.x

Cited by 474 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…These results are in line with those of Lysaker et al (2005), who applied the Metacognition Assessment Scale-originally developed for the evaluation of mentalization during psychotherapy (Semerari et al, 2003)-to the narratives of schizophrenic persons, finding that depressed mood, a general symptom, correlated with their ability to understand their own mind (first-person). Emotional withdrawal, a negative symptom, correlated with their ability to understand both their own mind and that of the others, while hallucinations, a positive symptom, correlated with their ability to understand their own mind but not with their ability to understand that of the others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Th.o.m.a.s.: An exploratory assessment of Theory of Mind in schizophrenic subjects

Bosco

Colle

Fazio

et al. 2009

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c t A large body of literature agrees that persons with schizophrenia suffer from a Theory of Mind (ToM) deficit. However, most empirical studies have focused on third-person, egocentric ToM, underestimating other facets of this complex cognitive skill. Aim of this research is to examine the ToM of schizophrenic persons considering its various aspects (first-vs. second-order, first-vs. third-person, egocentric vs. allocentric, beliefs vs. desires vs. positive emotions vs. negative emotions and how each of these mental state types may be dealt with), to determine whether some components are more impaired than others. We developed a Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s.) and administered it to 22 persons with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a matching control group. Th.o.-m.a.s. is a semi-structured interview which allows a multi-component measurement of ToM. Both groups were also administered a few existing ToM tasks and the schizophrenic subjects were administered the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and the WAIS-R. The schizophrenic persons performed worse than control at all the ToM measurements; however, these deficits appeared to be differently distributed among different components of ToM.Our conclusion is that ToM deficits are not unitary in schizophrenia, which also testifies to the importance of a complete and articulated investigation of ToM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Further work could benefit from a more fine-grained assessment of these abilities, so to correlate a poor ToM performance with their possible impairment (see for example Lysaker et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th.o.m.a.s.: An exploratory assessment of Theory of Mind in schizophrenic subjects

Bosco

Colle

Fazio

et al. 2009

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…One possible explanation is that although cognitive behavioral and motivational enhancement techniques are components of IMR that may facilitate change in expectancies of success over time, it is possible that the dose of each of these techniques was inadequate. Alternatively, it may be that deficits in metacognitive capacity (Lysaker et al, 2005), autobiographical memory (Berna et al, 2011), or poor self-integration (McGuire and Lysaker, in press) were important but unmeasured components. Indeed, deficits in metacognitive capacities can produce difficulties in one's abilities to form complex ideas about themselves and about the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectancies of success as a predictor of negative symptoms reduction over 18 months in individuals with schizophrenia

Luther

Fukui

Firmin

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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(2015). Expectancies of success as a predictor of negative symptoms reduction over 18 months in individuals with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 229(1-2), 505-510. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.022Running head: EXPECTANCIES OF SUCCESS AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS  We examine expectancies of success-beliefs of future success and goal attainment.  118 individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders completed an 18 month study.  High and moderate expectancies of success predicted reduced negative symptoms.  Findings support the cognitive model of negative symptoms. *HighlightsRunning head: EXPECTANCIES OF SUCCESS AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS EXPECTANCIES OF SUCCESS AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 2 AbstractNegative symptoms are often enduring and lead to poor functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. The cognitive model of negative symptoms proposes that low expectancies of success contribute to the development and maintenance of negative symptoms; however, longitudinal investigations assessing these beliefs and negative symptoms are needed. The current study examined whether an individual's baseline expectancies of success--one's beliefs about future success and goal attainment--predicted negative symptom reduction over 18 months in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n = 118). Data were collected at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months as part of a randomized controlled trial of Illness Management and Recovery. A mixed effects regression analysis revealed a significant reduction in negative symptoms over time, with a significant interaction effect between time and baseline expectancies of success. After controlling for baseline negative symptoms, demographic variables, and treatment conditions, those with high and moderate baseline expectancies of success evidenced a significant reduction in negative symptoms at 18 months, while those with low baseline expectancies of success did not evidence reduced negative symptoms. Findings support the cognitive model of negative symptoms and suggest that expectancies of success may be a useful treatment target for interventions aimed at reducing negative symptoms.

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“…The validity was verified by correlations of individual subscales MAS-A with other relevant instruments (Lysaker et al, 2005a(Lysaker et al, , 2010b(Lysaker et al, , 2011b. MAS-A has been also adapted to the Italian population with similar psychometric properties as the original instrument (Nicolò et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Metacognition Assessment Scale -Abbreviated [Mas-a]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will allow that person to tell his life story and create opportunities for investigated persons to spontaneously reveal how they think about themselves. To quantify the capacity for synthetic metacognition within a narrative generated by the IPII the Metacognition Assessment Scale -Abbreviated [MAS-A] is used (Lysaker et al, 2005a). The MAS-A contains four scales.…”

Section: Assessment Of Synthetic Metacognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma, Dissociation and Synthetic Metacognition in Schizophrenia

2015

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Both childhood trauma and dissociation are associated with schizophrenia. More rudimentary form of dissociation known already from Eugen Bleuler as splitting of association is theoretically close to the modern concept of synthetic metacognition in schizophrenia. The synthetic metacognition as a psychological process is described as a capability to synthesize intentions, thoughts, feelings, and connections between events, and to integrate them into larger complex representations of self and others. Disturbed synthetic metacognition was found in early as well as in late forms of schizophrenia and has its typical formula. Deficit of synthetic metacognition is related to symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosocial functions. Synthetic metacognition is measurable by analyzing discourse using standardized procedures. The level of metacognition is assessed from the sample of narrative on the basis of the Metacognitive Assessment Scale -Abbreviated (MAS-A). Psychotherapies focused on strengthening of metacognitive functions concentrate on integration of fragmented mental content or on promoting of formation of stable mental representations in this disorder.

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Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life

Abstract: Deficits in metacognition within the narratives of persons with schizophrenia are linked with symptoms, quality of life, neurocognition and poorer awareness of illness.

Cited by 474 publications

References 38 publications

Th.o.m.a.s.: An exploratory assessment of Theory of Mind in schizophrenic subjects

Th.o.m.a.s.: An exploratory assessment of Theory of Mind in schizophrenic subjects

Expectancies of success as a predictor of negative symptoms reduction over 18 months in individuals with schizophrenia

Trauma, Dissociation and Synthetic Metacognition in Schizophrenia

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