Trauma, Dissociation and Synthetic Metacognition in Schizophrenia

Pěč, Ondřej; Bob, Petr; Lysaker, Paul H.

doi:10.1007/bf03379624

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Examination of mean MAS-A scores suggests that the ability to understand one’s own mental and emotional states as changing and subjective is associated with greater levels of social functioning, while the tendency to address psychosocial challenges simply by gross avoidance (rather than changing one’s behaviors or thoughts) is associated with poorer social functioning. Of note, alternative hypotheses cannot be ruled out, including that with poorer social function, metacognitive capacity is degraded, or that the link between these variables is the result of the presence of other phenomenon such as attachment style (Gumley et al, 2014) or trauma history (Pec, Bob, & Lysaker, 2015). Future research should explore these possible relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Gagen

Zalzala

Hochheiser

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Functional deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but much debate still exists over why and how they originate. One model suggests that disturbances in social functioning are a result of metacognitive deficits or a failure to integrate information to form more complex ideas of themselves and others. It is unclear if this social dysfunction is present across different symptom presentations. We examined the relationship of metacognition, symptoms, and social functioning among a sample of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N ¼ 334). A latent class analysis produced a four-class model. Groups were classified as follows: diffuse symptoms/moderately impaired social functioning (Class 1), positive and hostility symptoms/mildly impaired social functioning (Class 2), minimal symptoms/good social functioning (Class 3), and negative and cognitive symptoms/severely impaired social functioning (Class 4). Class 3 demonstrated better overall metacognitive capacity than both Classes 1 and 4 but did not differ significantly from Class 2. Classes 2 and 3 both demonstrated better interpersonal functioning than Classes 1 and 4. Together, these findings provide support for models of poor functioning that stem from fragmentation of an individual's experience, leading to diminished abilities to form meaningful connections with others. Additional interpretations, limitations, and research implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Gagen

Zalzala

Hochheiser

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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“…7 In addition, Bleuler's rudimentary form of dissociation known as splitting of associations is theoretically close to the modern concept of synthetic metacognition (ie, the ability to synthesize intentions, thoughts, and feelings into complex representations of self), which is impaired in schizophrenia. 8 The first 2 versions of the DSM still had a link between SSDs and dissociation. The DSM-I 9 stated that schizophrenic reactions can lead to dissociative phenomena (p27) and the DSM-II 10 associated "dreamlike Schizophrenia Spectrum and Dissociative Disorders dissociation" with acute schizophrenic episodes (p34) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique and Overlapping Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Dissociative Disorders in Relation to Models of Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

Renard

Huntjens

Lysaker

et al. 2016

SCHBUL

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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and dissociative disorders (DDs) are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) as 2 categorically distinct diagnostic categories. However, several studies indicate high levels of co-occurrence between these diagnostic groups, which might be explained by overlapping symptoms. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research concerning overlap and differences in symptoms between schizophrenia spectrum and DDs. For this purpose the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The literature contained a large body of evidence showing the presence of symptoms of dissociation in SSDs. Although there are quantitative differences between diagnoses, overlapping symptoms are not limited to certain domains of dissociation, nor to nonpathological forms of dissociation. In addition, dissociation seems to be related to a history of trauma in SSDs, as is also seen in DDs. There is also evidence showing that positive and negative symptoms typically associated with schizophrenia may be present in DD. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to different models of psychopathology and clinical practice.

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“…No obstante, esto también puede deberse a otras muchas causas, como los estilos de apego (Fonagy y Bateman, 2006), las variables genéticas (Highland et al, 2013), la motivación (Bachiller et al, 2015) o la vivencia de experiencias traumáticas (Pec, Bob y Lysaker, 2015). Futuros estudios deberán dirigirse a esclarecer si este tipo de déficits comparten mecanismos neuronales similares y/o si tienen un origen común.…”

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Habilidades metacognitivas en adultos con abuso de sustancias bajo tratamiento en comunidad terapéutica

et al. 2016

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ResumenRecibido Background:The term metacognition reflects a spectrum of psychological activities that allows people to form and integrate representations about their own mental states and those of others. The main goal of this study was to examine whether people with substance abuse disorders (SUDs), and treated in therapeutic community regime, displayed specific patterns of metacognitive deficits on Selfreflectivity, Understanding others' mind, Decentration, and Mastery, comparing their scores with two clinical groups of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and anxiety disorders.Method: A mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) study was designed.Two hundred and sixteen adults aged 18-65 with principal diagnoses of SUDs (n = 52), SSDs (n = 49), and anxiety disorders (n = 115) were recruited. Qualitative data were obtained with the Metacognition Assessment Interview, which was then rated using a quantitative scale, the Metacognition Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A).Results: The anxiety disorders group had significantly higher MAS-A total scores than the SUDs group, and the SUDs group obtained significantly higher MAS-A total scores than the SSDs group.Concerning the MAS-A subscale scores, the SUDs group displayed significantly lower scores only on the Mastery subscale compared to the anxiety disorders group, with the SUDs and SSDs groups obtaining equivalent Mastery scores.Conclusions: According to these findings, current interventions for addiction should focus more specifically on improving metacognitive Método: Se diseñó un estudio con metodología mixta (cualitativacuantitativa). Se seleccionaron un total de 216 participantes con diagnósticos principales por consumo de sustancias (n = 52), espectro esquizofrénico (n = 49) y trastornos de ansiedad (n = 115). Los datos cualitativos se obtuvieron con la Entrevista de Evaluación de la Metacognición (MAI) y, posteriormente, estos fueron cuantificados con la Escala Abreviada de Evaluación de la Metacognición (MAS-A).Resultados: Las puntuaciones totales en la MAS-A del grupo con trastornos de ansiedad fueron estadísticamente superiores a las del grupo con trastornos por consumo de sustancias (TCS), y éstas, a su vez, fueron significativamente superiores a las del grupo con trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico. Por subescalas de la MAS-A, sólo hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones de Dominio del grupo con ansiedad y TCS, obteniendo el grupo con TCS puntuaciones estadísticamente equivalentes a las del grupo con trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico. Habilidades metacognitivas en adultos con abuso de sustancias bajo tratamiento en comunidad terapéutica

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Trauma, Dissociation and Synthetic Metacognition in Schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Unique and Overlapping Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Dissociative Disorders in Relation to Models of Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

Habilidades metacognitivas en adultos con abuso de sustancias bajo tratamiento en comunidad terapéutica

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