Metabonomics Study of the Hematopoietic Effect of Medicinal Wine Maoji Jiu on a Blood Deficiency Rat Model by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and a Pattern Recognition Approach

Abstract

Maoji Jiu (MJ) is a kind of medicinal wine that has been widely used by Chinese people for many years to nourish and promote blood circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hematopoietic effect of MJ on the metabolism of blood deficient rats and to explore the underlying hematopoietic regulation mechanisms. Blood deficiency model rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of N-acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The plasma metabolic fingerprints of blood deficiency model rats with and without MJ treatment were obtained by using metabonomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF/MS). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) was used to evaluate the hematopoietic effect of MJ and identify potential biomarkers in the plasma of blood deficiency model rats. The levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) and the activity of antioxidant capacity showed a recovery trend to the control group after MJ treatment, while the dose of 10 mL/kg showed the best effect. In this study, thirteen potential biomarkers were identified, which were mainly related to seven metabolic pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Metabolomics was applied frequently to reflect the physiological and metabolic state of organisms comprehensively, indicating that the rapid plasma metabonomics may be a potentially powerful tool to reveal the efficacy and enriching blood mechanism of MJ.

Identification of Daphne genkwa and Its Vinegar-Processed Products by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics

“…The y-axis represented the variable confidence; ion RT- m/z pair points that are located further away from zero indicate a higher confidence level that the ion contributed to the difference between the two groups. Therefore, the RT- m/z pair points at the two ends of the “S” shape represent the components that are the most responsible for the difference between these two types of samples, which can be regarded as the components that most differentiate between CHDG and VPDG [ 28 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] ( Figure 3 B). To investigate whether data overfitting occurred in the OPLS-DA model, 200 iterations of the permutation test were performed using the SIMCA 14.1 software, in which R2Y and Q2 described the explanation level of the model in the y-axis direction and the forecasted level of the model, respectively.…”

The Hematopoietic Function of Medicinal Wine Maoji Jiu Revealed in Blood Deficiency Model Rats

“…Blood deficiency syndrome may be connected with the weak antioxidant capacity of the body [ 17 – 19 ]. The activities of T-AOC and the level of MDA in the liver are commonly detected to assess the antioxidative property in previous studies [ 13 , 20 , 21 ]. In our study, the decreased activity of T-AOC and the increased level of MDA in liver tissues in the model group were observed ( Table 3 ), which was consistent with the blood deficiency model mice in previous studies [ 10 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…The groups are the control group (CG), model group (MG), FEJ group, high dose group of MJ (MJ-H), middle dose group of MJ (MJ-M), and low dose group of MJ (MJ-L). Blood deficiency model construction referred to Zeng's method [ 13 ]. The rats in the model group and FEJ, MJ-H, MJ-M, and MJ-L groups were hypodermically injected with 2% APH (Shanghai Ziyi Reagent Factory, Shanghai, China) saline solution on the 1st and 4th day at the dose of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively; 2 hours after injections on the 4th day, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with CTX (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Halle, Germany) saline solution at a dose of 15 mg/kg for continuous four days.…”