Metabonomic Profiling of Serum and Urine by 1H NMR-Based Spectroscopy Discriminates Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has seriously impacted the health of individuals and populations. In this study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabonomics combined with multivariate pattern recognition analysis was applied to investigate the metabolic signatures of patients with COPD. Serum and urine samples were collected from COPD patients (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 21), respectively. Samples were analyzed by high resolution 1H NMR (600 MHz), and the obtained spectral profiles were then subjected to multivariate data analysis. Consistent metabolic differences have been found in serum as well as in urine samples from COPD patients and healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, COPD patients displayed decreased lipoprotein and amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and increased glycerolphosphocholine in serum. Moreover, metabolic differences in urine were more significant than in serum. Decreased urinary 1-methylnicotinamide, creatinine and lactate have been discovered in COPD patients in comparison with healthy controls. Conversely, acetate, ketone bodies, carnosine, m-hydroxyphenylacetate, phenylacetyglycine, pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate exhibited enhanced expression levels in COPD patients relative to healthy subjects. Our results illustrate the potential application of NMR-based metabonomics in early diagnosis and understanding the mechanisms of COPD.

Metabolomics provide new insights on lung cancer staging and discrimination from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…These results are consistent with the studies described by Rodrıǵuez et al, who reported reduced levels of valine, alanine, and isoleucine in COPD patients compared with healthy volunteers [52]. Based on COPD studies, two main processes appear to characterize the disease: increased protein turnover and simultaneous intake of BCAA for gluconeogenesis processes [51][52][53]. It should be mentioned that not all findings may be directly transferred and compared between studies given that various analytical techniques and normalization methods may be utilized.…”

“…Therefore, metabolomic-based studies have been extensively used for disease recognition, prognosis, predicting response to treatment and recovery monitoring. Recently, numerous COPD and lung cancer studies have revealed the great potential of metabolomic-based approaches in disease diagnostics and stratification [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Moreover this molecular technique, based on laboratory analysis of small blood sample, is minimally invasive for patient.…”

Toxicological effects of benzo(a)pyrene, DDT and their mixture on the green mussel Perna viridis revealed by proteomic and metabolomic approaches

“…And dimethylamine is an essential organic osmolyte which is a small organic compound that plays crucial roles in the osmotic regulation in marine invertebrates via various metabolic pathways (Zhang et al, 2011b). In this study, the decrease of dimethylglycine and dimethylamine may indicated osmolarity regulating imbalance induced by BaP exposure in male green mussel gills (Tian et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2013). In the mussel, Mytilus edulis exposed to 2, 2 0 , 4, 4 0 -tetrabromodiphenyl (BDE-47), the similar alteration of dimethylglycine and dimethylamine was observed (Miao et al, 2014).…”

“…Each 1 H NMR spectrum was segmented into 0.005 ppm bins between 0.2 and 10.0 ppm with bins from 4.70 to 5.20 ppm (water) excluded from all the NMR spectra. All spectra were generalized log (glog) transformed to stabilize the variance across the spectral bins (Parsons et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2013).…”

Metabolomic profiling of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study differentiating diseases

“…1-Methylnicotinamide was reported as an anti-inflammatory molecule in asthma exacerbation, 52 possibly through its ability to induce release of prostacyclin. 53 1-Methylnicotinamide levels in patients with COPD have been compared with those in healthy control subjects previously 54 but not with those in asthmatic patients. Trigonelline is found in a number of plant beans.…”