Metabolomics Approach Expands the Classification of Propolis Samples from Midwest Brazil

Abstract

Propolis samples collected from five areas in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Midwest Brazil, comprising portions of the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Atlantic Forest ecosystems, were investigated for metabolomic profiles and evaluated for antioxidant and antitumor potential. Chemical profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS data and evaluated using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis to discern chemical composition patterns. Based on phytogeographical origin and chemical composition, 20 potential markers were identified and five groups were distinguished: (I) Cerrado/Central, (II) Atlantic Forest/South, (III) Cerrado−Pantanal transition area/ Northwest, (IV) Cerrado/North, and (V) Pantanal/West. Drawing on HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and NMR data, 47 compounds were successfully or tentatively identified, including prenylated phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and di-and triterpenoids, among other constituents. Isoflavonoids, typically found in red propolis from Northeast Brazil, are being reported for the first time in a propolis sample from the Midwest. A new prenylated aromatic compound, (E)-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-3methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]propenoic acid, was obtained. Samples in group II exhibited promising antitumor potential against prostate and breast carcinoma cells, as did samples in groups III and IV against the latter cell line. The sample in group I, despite containing the highest amount of total phenolic compounds and being the only sample to exhibit scavenging activity against DPPH, was not the most cytotoxic against the cell lines tested.

Extraction, Antioxidant Capacity, 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition, and Phytochemical Composition of Propolis from Eastern Canada

“…Following the initial LC-MS/MS method development with the seven standards, an ultrasound-assisted ethanol extract was tested to tentatively identify other precursor ions from other abundant compounds. Based on this analysis and a comparison to several other published lists of propolis components [33][34][35][36][37][38][39], seventeen more standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Mississauga, ON, Canada). All twenty-four standards (including gallic acid) were tested by LC-MS/MS on the quadrupole-Orbitrap and by infusion on a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ-XL, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA).…”

Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2

“…Saito et al compared conventional (Soxhlet) extraction using ethanol, methanol, water, or hexane as the solvent to supercritical CO2 extraction for two different types of Furthermore, two flavonoids (pinocembrin and chrysin) (Figure 1), trans-cinnamic acid, and four phenolic cinnamic acid (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and mcoumaric acid) (Figure 2), in addition to many volatile compounds, have been identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from two propolis samples from two apiaries with different geographical locations in Italy [1]. From 15 Brazilian green propolis samples of different geographically area and botanical source, 47 compounds were tentatively characterized using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and NMR, including prenylated phenylpropanoids (drupanin, capillartemisin A, 2,2-dimethylchromene-6propenoic acid, artepillin C, and baccharin) and (E)-2,3-dihydroconiferyl p-coumarate; flavonoids and isoflavonoids (pratensein, violanone, formononetin, vestitone, and biochanin A) (Figure 1); di-and triterpenoids, as well new compounds; and (E)-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(2hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl] propenoic acid, among other constituents (Figure 3) [2]. The constituent profile also varies according to extraction method.…”

“…Propolis is a natural wax-like resin produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) consisting of salivary secretions, wax, pollen, and various plant materials. Honeybees use propolis as a cement (bee glue) to seal cracks or open spaces in beehives, thereby preventing invasion by parasites and helping to maintain appropriate internal temperature and humidity [1,2]. The name propolis, from the Greek pro for "in defense" and polis for "city", reflects its importance for preventing diseases and parasites from entering the hive and inhibiting putrefaction, fungal growth, and bacterial growth [3].…”

Comparison of the Biological Potential and Chemical Composition of Brazilian and Mexican Propolis

“…Sonora desert propolis has been Sixteen papers were used. Brazilian propolis anticancer activity: 5637 (human bladder carcinoma), B16F10 (murine), PC3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), PANC-1, MCF-7, ADR-RES, Hep-2 (human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) cancer cell lines, HL-60 (leukemia), K562 (erythroleukemia), SNB19 (glioblastoma), SF-295 (glioblastoma-human), OVCAR-8 (breast), HCT-116 (colon), Neuro2a, NF2 (tumor in mice), skin carcinogenesis/papilloma, T24, proteinuria, inhibiting TNF-α, stimulating IL-10 production [26,50,64,76,123,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136].…”