Metabolomic study of bioactive compounds in strawberries preserved under controlled atmosphere based on GC‐MS and DI‐ESI‐QqQ‐TOF‐MS

Abstract

Introduction The storage of the vegetables products in a controlled atmosphere (CA) with low O2 and high CO2 concentrations, reduces respiration rates and delays the ripening process, and in some cases, improves their quality and organoleptic properties. Objective To obtain deep insight into strawberry fruit metabolic changes caused by these CA treatments. Methodology Freshly harvested strawberries were preserved under different atmospheres enriched with 10%, 20% and 30% of CO2, for 2 days at 0°C, containing in all the cases 5% of O2 and were subjected to a metabolomic analysis based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and direct‐infusion with electrospray ionisation source equipped with triple quadrupole coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (DI‐ESI‐QqQ‐TOF‐MS). Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was employed to compare the control and treated samples for the identification of altered metabolites. Results Several metabolites related to CA treatment could be identified by databases and literature, which are mainly sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds (bioactive compounds). Conclusions Good correlation coefficients were obtained between discriminant metabolites and fruit quality parameters. These results suggest that treated strawberries under CA could be considered as bioactive healthy compounds, suggesting that treated strawberries under CA could be used as raw material for the preparation and formulation of food supplements and nutraceutical products.

Development of a scientific concept of industrial storage systems for environmentally safe apples

“…The hardness of the apple pulp was determined by an FT -372 penetrometer with a plunger with a diameter of 11 mm; tasting evaluation -according to GOST 8756.1-79 [28]; the chemical composition of apples was determined by methods generally accepted in fruit biochemistry: soluble dry substances -by the refractometric method (GOST 28562-90) [29]; sugars -by the Bertrand spectrophotometric method (GOST 8756. 13…”

“…However, such storage does not replace storage in the refrigerator (its temperature is usually 3 -5 °C higher than in the refrigerator). The storage of fruit products in the CA slows down the processes of maturation and overripe, as a result of which its shelf life is lengthened, the quality and yield of marketable products are increased, immunity is preserved, microbial spoilage and physiological damage are reduced [12], [13], [14]. Biological oxidation (respiratory gas exchange or respiratory activity) is at the center of physiological and biochemical processes during fruit ripening.…”

Metabolomics of chemical constituents as a tool for understanding the quality of fruits during development and processing operations

“…Ramírez‐Acosta et al . (2019) identified GCMS and DIESIQqQTOFMS as appropriate and complementing metabolomic methods for characterising the metabolic changes in strawberry caused by controlled atmosphere storage. They reported changes in primary and secondary metabolites including organic acids, sugars and phenolic compounds.…”

Metabolomics biotechnology, applications, and future trends: a systematic review

“…76 Ramírez-Acosta, S. et al used GC-MS technology to study the metabolic changes of strawberry fruit caused by controlled atmosphere treatment, and found that several metabolites related to it were mainly biologically active compounds. 77 Kim, G. D. et al used LC-MS/MS to identify caffeic acid derivatives and Danshensu as the main anti-inammatory substances in the leaves of kiwi fruit plants. 78 However, it is not only vegetables and fruits that provide nutrients, and many other substances provide essential proteins, lipids and sugars to the body.…”