Metabolomic-Based Strategy for Fingerprinting of Sambucus nigra L. Berry Volatile Terpenoids and Norisoprenoids: Influence of Ripening and Cultivar

Abstract

The integration of plant metabolomics to support preharvest fruit development studies can provide important insights into the biochemical mechanisms involved and lately support producers on harvesting management. A metabolomic-based strategy for fingerprinting of volatile terpenoids and norisoprenoids from Sambucus nigra L. berries from three cultivars, through ripening, was established. From 42 monoterpenic, 20 sesquiterpenic, and 14 norisoprenoid compounds, 48 compounds are reported for the first time as S. nigra berries components. Chemometric tools revealed that ripening was the factor that influenced more the volatile fraction profile and physicochemical parameters (pH, TS, and TSS), followed by cultivar. For the unripe stages, a higher overall content of the studied metabolites was observed, which gradually decreased over the ripening stages, being consistent for the three cultivars. These trends were mainly ruled by limonene, p-cymene, aromadendrene, β-caryophyllene, and dihydroedulan, which might therefore be used by producers as an additional simple decision making tool in conjunction with physicochemical parameters.

The Impact of Plant-Based Coatings in “ROCHA” Pear Preservation during Cold Storage: A Metabolomic Approach

“…HS-SPME/GC×GC-ToFMS methodology was adapted from other studies [ 34 , 35 ] with optimization of the following parameters: time of pre-equilibrium and HS-SPME extraction, stationary phase of the columns, temperature ramp; modulation time, transfer line temperature, and drag gas flow. The effects of these parameters were evaluated based on visual analysis of the chromatograms through the chromatographic resolution, relative abundance of the principal peaks, and chromatogram overall structure.…”

Overview of Kaolin Outcomes from Vine to Wine: Cerceal White Variety Case Study

“…Also, control wine present higher content of vitispirane, a C13-norisoprenoid. As observed for several fruits, including grape berries, during ripening may occurs diverse reactions modulated by enzymes, namely degradation processes, such as carotenoids cleavage resulting in formation of norisoprenoids [71][72][73]. Hydroxylated C13-norisoprenoids often occur in plants as glycosides and can be liberated from these by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis and then transformed into aroma compounds, such as vitispirane.…”

The Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Sambucus nigra L. and Sambucus nigra Haschberg during Growth Phases: From Buds to Ripening

“…Fruit ripening affects several physicochemical parameters, resulting in changes in growth phases characteristics [11]. Research of the biochemical transformations underlying this process and their effects on several parts of Sambucus composition could provide valuable information on the stage of development of these plants suitable for formulating new food and cosmetic products.…”

“…The biochemistry of the elder fruit ripening is a genetic program that involves the degradation of chlorophyll, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their accumulation in vacuoles, increased cellular respiration mediated by mitochondrial enzymes and other biochemical changes [11].…”

“…Chemical composition of elder berry and flowers consists of primary metabolites (sugars, organic acids), secondary metabolites (phenols) and several other constituents (minerals, vitamins, cytokines). Secondary metabolites are susceptible to environmental and genetic growth factors and are well stated in metabolomic studies [11]. Thanks to these natural polyphenolic compounds, primarily flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins, elder berry and flowers are characterized by high antioxidant activity [17].…”