Metabolomic approach for determination of urinary nucleosides as potential tumor markers using electromigration techniques

Abstract

In the postgenome-sequencing era, several large projects have been running recently. Proteomics and other analysis or structural biology are the most active today. Since the late 1990 s, metabolomics has been gaining importance in systems biology, as it provides real-world end points that complement and help in the interpretation of genomic and proteomic data. Comprehensive information about the level changes of numerous metabolites present in the analyzed samples is essential in metabolomic studies. Therefore, the applied analytical techniques must be suitable for the simultaneous analysis of a diverse range of low-molecular-mass endogenous metabolites such as nucleosides at various concentrations and in different matrices, in particular, in urine and serum. In the view of metabolomic study, this domain is obviously significant to understand specific humans' reactions and it can be perceived as a diagnostic and predictive tool in pathological reactions. Since the term "metabolom" has occurred in common scientific use, there have been many publications about possible ways of analysis of nucleosides as metabolites of either oxidative DNA damage or RNA's turnover that are used as the potential tumor markers. Besides, the availability of fast, reproducible and easy to apply analytical techniques that would allow the identification of a large number of metabolites is highly desirable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. This paper, which describes the most relevant electromigration techniques, covers the period starting from the review of Karl H. Schram (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1998, 17, 131-251) up to the beginning of 2009.

Polyethyleneimine-grafted boronate affinity materials for selective enrichment of cis -diol-containing compounds

“…For the ease of operation, 20 μm mesoporous SiO 2 spheres were used in the preparation, affording SiO 2 @PEI 600 -AAPBA microspheres. Then, 80 mg of the prepared 20 μm mesoporous SiO 2 @PEI 600 -AAPBA microspheres were packed into a 1 mL SPE tube for the offline enrichment of the ribonucleosides in the urine sample; ribonucleosides have been used for the diagnosis of cancer [25].…”

Metabolomic Fingerprinting: Challenges and Opportunities

“…86 Noninvasive detection of cancer is a realistic goal for metabolomic studies; numerous urinary nucleosides that vary with certain types of cancer (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma) have been measured through electromigration. 90 However, more thorough databases must be created to include the variations of these nucleosides with age, sex, diet, and other potential confounders before a conclusive test can be performed. Metabolomics also has shown potential in directing the treatment of cancer patients.…”

Capillary electrophoresis as a metabolomics tool for non-targeted fingerprinting of biological samples

“…Barbas et al reviewed the field of CE fingerprinting including four main blocks: sample treatment, analytical methods, chemometrics and applications heading focuses in urine, plasma, organic matter and plant extract studies [7]. Within a specific set of compounds, a recent review focuses on the analysis of nucleosides as metabolites of either oxidative DNA damage or RNA's turnover that are used as the potential tumor markers [8].…”