Metabolomic analysis of amino acid metabolism in colitic rats supplemented with lactosucrose

Abstract

Intestinal inflammation causes metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with lactosucrose (LS) on the serum metabolome and intestinal luminal content of fatty acids in colitic rats. Colitis was induced in rats using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Subsequently, rats received intragastric administration of either 250 mg LS/kg body weight or saline (the control group) every day for 5 weeks. Short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal lumen, blood profile, and metabolites in serum were measured, respectively, using gas chromatography, biochemistry analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistics. Metabolic effects of LS included: (1) decreases in concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine and valine), alanine, citric acid, trimethylamine oxide and taurine, and the abundance of aspartate aminotransferase in serum; (2) increases in concentrations of glucose metabolites (including succinate) in serum; and (3) altered concentrations of butyrate in the cecal content and of butyrate and acetate in the colon content. The results indicate that LS supplementation to colitic rats affects whole-body metabolism of amino acids and release of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase from tissues into the blood circulation, and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal lumen.

Recent novel applications of levansucrases

“…It is a nondigestible and low-caloric oligosaccharide with prebiotic properties (Fujita et al 1991(Fujita et al , 1995. In addition, lactosucrose has other potential beneficial effects, such as enhancing intestinal calcium absorption (Teramoto et al 2006), reducing body fat accumulation (Kimura et al 2002), preventing obesity (Okuda and Han 2001), displaying an immunoregulatory function (Hino et al 2007), inhibiting IgE-mediated allergic disease (Taniguchi et al 2007), and improving amino acid metabolism (Ruan et al 2013). Lactosucrose has been approved as an important functional food ingredient for foods for specified health uses (FOSHU) and has been commercially produced and widely applied in diverse foods and beverages in Japan.…”

Chronic feeding with protein-restricted diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and the expression of nutrient-sensing, hormone secretion, gastrointestinal digestive enzyme, and nutrient transporter genes in young weaned pigs

“…The identification of these receptors or their signaling elements in the GIT mucosa indicates that these receptors may play roles in nutrient-sensing and, potentially, hormone secretion [22]. Nutrient-sensing receptors such as members of the taste 1 receptor family (for example, TasR1, TasR2, and TasR3), gene and protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor family (for example, GPR40, GPR41, and GPR43, also known as FFAR1, FFAR2, and FFAR3, respectively), G protein-coupled receptor class C group 6 member A (GPRC6A), and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), hormones such as somatostatin (SST), ghrelin, and gastrin, and the insulin receptor (INR), leptin receptor (leptin-R), cholecystokinin receptor family (for example, CCK-1R, CCK-2R), and glucagon-like peptide receptor family (for example, GLP-1R, GLP-2R) have been identified [22]. Proteolytic enzymes are mainly produced by the stomach (pepsin), pancreas (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase), and intestine (membranous and cytosolic enzymes) [4].…”

“…To efficiently digest and absorb nutrients from ingested food, these events are regulated by nutrient-sensing receptors and the secretion of the GIT hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) following the secretion of digestive enzymes and the expression of AA transporters [4,[9][10][11][19][20][21]. The identification of these receptors or their signaling elements in the GIT mucosa indicates that these receptors may play roles in nutrient-sensing and, potentially, hormone secretion [22]. Nutrient-sensing receptors such as members of the taste 1 receptor family (for example, TasR1, TasR2, and TasR3), gene and protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor family (for example, GPR40, GPR41, and GPR43, also known as FFAR1, FFAR2, and FFAR3, respectively), G protein-coupled receptor class C group 6 member A (GPRC6A), and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), hormones such as somatostatin (SST), ghrelin, and gastrin, and the insulin receptor (INR), leptin receptor (leptin-R), cholecystokinin receptor family (for example, CCK-1R, CCK-2R), and glucagon-like peptide receptor family (for example, GLP-1R, GLP-2R) have been identified [22].…”

Perspectives on the biotechnological production and potential applications of lactosucrose: A review

“…Lactosucrose supplementation can positively affect the serum metabolome in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitic rats, resulting in a beneficial protection to the host against ammonia toxicity and oxidative injury (Ruan et al, 2013). The potential nutraceutical action of lactosucrose on the combat of colitis in rats was demonstrated by its positive effect on the prevention or inhibition of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acidinduced chronic inflammation (Zhou et al, 2014(Zhou et al, , 2015b.…”