Metabolome-Microbiome Responses of Growing Pigs Induced by Time-Restricted Feeding

Abstract

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) mode is a potential strategy in improving the health and production of farm animals. However, the effect of TRF on microbiota and their metabolism in the large intestine of the host remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the responses of microbiome and metabolome induced by TRF based on a growing-pig model. Twelve crossbred growing barrows were randomly allotted into two groups with six replicates (1 pig/pen), namely, the free-access feeding group (FA) and TRF group. Pigs in the FA group were fed free access while the TRF group were fed free access within a regular time three times per day at 07:00–08:00, 12:00–13:00, and 18:00–19:00, respectively. Results showed that the concentrations of NH4-N, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, total biogenic amines, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, total SCFA, and lactate were increased while the pH value in the colonic digesta and the concentration of acetate was decreased in the TRF group. The Shannon index was significantly increased in the TRF group; however, no significant effects were found in the Fisher index, Simpson index, ACE index, Chao1 index, and observed species between the two groups. In the TRF group, the relative abundances of Prevotella 1 and Eubacterium ruminantium group were significantly increased while the relative abundances of Clostridium sensu sticto 1, Lactobacillus, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group were decreased compared with the FA group. PLS-DA analysis revealed an obvious and regular variation between the FA and TRF groups, further pathway enrichment analysis showed that these differential features were mainly enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the changes in the microbial genera were correlated with the colonic metabolites. In conclusion, these results together indicated that although the overall microbial composition in the colon was not changed, TRF induced the gradient changes of the nutrients and metabolites which were correlated with certain microbial genera including Lactobacillus, Eubacterium_ruminantium group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Prevotella 1, and Clostridium sensu sticto 1. However, more studies are needed to understand the impacts of TRF on the health and metabolism of growing pigs.

Time-restricted feeding induces Lactobacillus- and Akkermansia-specific functional changes in the rat fecal microbiota

“…Prevotellaceae were also found to increase in the TR-fed group of rats according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing results. This finding is consistent with the recent observation of Wang et al in swine, where TR feeding-dependent increase of Prevotellaceae abundance was negatively correlated to 2-amino-butyrate, a metabolite previously associated with high cardiovascular risk 59 . Finally, beta-lactamase encoded by Candidatus Arthromitus was detected in higher abundance in AL-fed than in TR-fed rats.…”

Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo

“…ORY treatment downregulated their abundances, and negative relationships were shown between these bacteria and SCFA contents. Similar trends were reported in the research studies of anticolitis of Ficus carica polysaccharide and time-restricted feeding on the metabolism of growing pigs. , Herein, LPS produced by the Helicobacter -mediated TLR4 signaling pathway when the gut barrier is damaged. , Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136_group is one of the mucin-degrading bacteria in the DSS-stimulated group, and the decreased abundance by ORY may promote the secretion of MUC2 . The same results were obtained in a high-fat-diet-induced colonic barrier dysfunction .…”

“…Similar trends were reported in the research studies of anticolitis of Ficus carica polysaccharide and time-restricted feeding on the metabolism of growing pigs. 46,47 Herein, LPS produced by the Helicobactermediated TLR4 signaling pathway when the gut barrier is damaged. 20,48 decreased abundance by ORY may promote the secretion of MUC2.…”

Age-dependent variations in rumen bacterial community of Mongolian cattle from weaning to adulthood

“…In the RM18 group, [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes_group, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-004, Helicobacter, Saccharofermentans, Papillibacter, and Turicibacter displayed top interactions. Genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes is known to convert cholesterol into coprostanol and influence the fat metabolism of the host [49,50]. Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-004, Saccharofermentans, and Papillibacter produce acid-enhancing metabolites that lower the rumen pH and cause the death of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter as indicated by the negative correlation in the network [51][52][53][54].…”