Metabolizable energy requirements of lactating goats

Nsahlai, I. V.; Goetsch, A.L.; Luo, Jiafa; Johnson, Z. B.; Moore, John E.; Sahlu, T.; Ferrell, C. L.; Galyean, M. L.; Owens, F. N.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.04.007

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The ME requirement for maintenance was calculated by the following equation: MEm (Mcal/day) = 110 kcal × BW 0.75 . The ME requirement for lactation was determined according to the NRC (1989) using an efficiency factor of ME utilization in the diet for lactation, according to Nsahlai et al (2004) by the following equation: MEl (Mcal/day) = (Milk production × (0.3512 + (0.0962 × % fat in the milk)))/0.589.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Fernandes

Gama

Ribeiro

et al. 2014

Animal

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Feeding dietary supplements containing trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) has been shown to induce milk fat depression in cows, ewes and goats. However, the magnitude of the response is apparently less pronounced in lactating goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of CLA methyl esters (CLA-ME) on milk production, composition and fatty-acid profile of dairy goats. Eight Toggenburg goats were separated in two groups (four primiparous and four multiparous) and received the following dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design: CLA0: 45 g/day of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA); CLA15; 30 g/day of CSFA + 15 g/day of CLA-ME; CLA30: 15 g/day of CSFA + 30 g/day of CLA-ME; and CLA45: 45 g/day of CLA-ME. The CLA-ME supplement (Luta-CLA 60) contained 29.9% of t10,c12-CLA; therefore, the dietary treatments provided 0, 4.48, 8.97 and 13.45 g/day of t10,c12-CLA, respectively. Feed intake, milk production, concentration and secretion of milk protein and lactose, body condition score and body weight were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Milk fat secretion was reduced by 14.9%, 30.8% and 40.5%, whereas milk fat concentration was decreased by 17.2%, 33.1% and 40.7% in response to CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45, respectively. Secretions of both de novo synthesized and preformed fatty acids were progressively reduced as the CLA dose increased, but the magnitude of the inhibition was greater for the former. There was a linear reduction in most milk fat desaturase indexes (14:1/14:0, 16:1/16:0, 17:1/17:0 and 18:1/18:0). Milk fat t10,c12-CLA concentration and secretion increased with the CLA dose, and its apparent transfer efficiency from diet to milk was 1.18%, 1.17% and 1.21% for CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45 treatments, respectively. The estimated energy balance was linearly improved in goats fed CLA.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Fernandes

Gama

Ribeiro

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…For these probable reasons the ratio was lower than the recommended in all strata. Among herd indices, fertility was within the literature range for European breeds in the tropics (Castro, 1987), and produced daily milk averages per doe were low if compared to the productivity range of 1.9 to 4.4 kg/d that can be reached in the tropics by European breeds (AFRC, 1997;Knights & Garcia, 1997;Nsahlai et al, 2004). The proportion of primiparous to total does was not correlated with ADMP (r = -0.28; P = 0.12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics of the dairy goat primary sector at the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Santos¹,

Vieira

Henrique

et al. 2008

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-A survey was done based on 19 goat shepherds at counties of Centre-highlands, Northern and North-western regions of the Rio de Janeiro State and at the county of Pedra Dourada, Zona da Mata region, State of Minas Gerais. We aimed to characterise the primary sector of the goat milk production chain settled at those regions. Therefore, questionnaires were applied in order to depict profiles of the shepherds, their families, the role of the wife in the activity, the resources available, dependence on income generated by the activity, and how producers administrate their business. Farms were distributed in five strata according to the following daily milk production averages and standard deviations: 8.8 ± 0.9, 15.7 ± 3.9, 22.6 ± 2.7, 34.4 ± 3.4, and 183.8 ± 54.2 L/d. Approximately 42% of the interviewed producers conducted their activities according to a household production model and the income earned was exclusively from the dairy goat husbandry. Sons and daughters performed an important role in the business (27.80%), but most of them (62.73%) worked out at non farm activities. The percentage of wives that worked directly in the activity ( ≅ 47%) indicated that it could contribute to gender equity in the rural environment. Most of the production systems (63.16%) presented positive gross margins. We have noticed, however, that shepherds perceived only the business gross margin and that the most accurate registries taken were those related to revenues. In general, producers of the higher strata were favoured by their larger production scale, but asymptotic behaviours for costs and amounts invested in animals, equipments and buildings were observed. These characteristics should be considered when policies related to the dairy goat primary sector have to be planned.Key Words: household agriculture, enterprise budget analysis, agribusiness Características do setor primário da caprinocultura leiteira no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil RESUMO -Realizou-se um levantamento com base em 19 caprinoculturas de municípios das regiões Centro-Serrana, Norte e Noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro e do município de Pedra Dourada, região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, para caracterizar o setor primário da cadeia produtiva do leite de cabra produzido nestas regiões. Foram aplicados questionários com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos produtores, de suas famílias, do papel da esposa na atividade, da disponibilidade de recursos, da dependência da renda gerada na atividade e do modo como os produtores administravam seu negócio. As fazendas foram distribuídas em cinco estratos de acordo com as médias de produção diária de leite e os desvios-padrão: 8,8 ± 0,9; 15,7 ± 3,9; 22,6 ± 2,7; 34,4 ± 3,4; 183,8 ± 54,2 L/dia. Aproximadamente 42% dos produtores entrevistados conduziam suas atividades segundo o modelo familiar e obtinham renda exclusivamente da caprinocultura leiteira. Os filhos e as filhas desempenhavam papel importante no negócio (27,80%), mas a maior parte (62,73%) trabalhava fora, em atividades não-agrícolas. O percent...

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“…where efficiency k NEÀi (Mcal NE/Mcal ME) for (i) maintenance is 0.68 [CV 5 11.5%; n 5 2 bovid and 2 cervid species; Robbins, 1993], (ii) activity is also 0.68 [based on similar efficiencies for sheep at rest as those exercised; Clapperton, 1964]; (iii) thermoregulation is also 0.68 [based on suggestion for cattle, sheep, goats, and cervids that efficiency is similar for maintenance and thermoregulation; NRC, 2000NRC, , 2007, (iv) gain is 0.53 when gain is positive [CV 5 11.7%; n 5 2 bovid and 1 cervid species; Robbins, 1993]; (v) lactation is 0.65 [typically observed or suggested value for cattle, sheep, goats, and cervids; Cannas et al, 2004;Nsahlai et al, 2004;NRC, 2001NRC, , 2007 …”

Section: Feedstuffs Other Than Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where efficiency k NPÀi (g NP/g MP) for (i) maintenance is 0.67 (typically observed or suggested values for cattle, sheep, goats, and cervids; Cannas et al, 2004;NRC, 2001NRC, , 2007Sahlu et al, 2004] Cannas et al, 2004;Nsahlai et al, 2004;NRC, 2001NRC, , 2007; and (vi) gestation is 0.33 is [value typically suggested or observed for cattle, sheep, goats, and cervids; NRC, 2001NRC, , 2007Sahlu et al, 2004]. For calculating NP when gain is negative, refer to Equation (21) above.…”

Section: Feedstuffs Other Than Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system for predicting energy and protein requirements of wild ruminants

Hackmann

2011

Zoo Biology

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Wild ruminants require energy and protein for the normal function. I developed a system for predicting these energy and protein requirements across ruminant species and life stages. This system defines requirements on the basis of net energy (NE), net protein (NP), and ruminally degraded protein (RDP). Total NE and NP requirements are calculated as the sum of NE and NP required for several functions (maintenance, activity, thermoregulation, gain, lactation, and gestation). To estimate the requirements for each function, I collected data predominantly for wild species and then formulated allometric and other equations that predict requirements across species. I estimated RDP requirements using an equation for cattle. I then related NE, NP, and RDP to quantities more practical for diet formulation (e.g. dry matter intake). I tabulated requirements over a range of body mass and life stages (neonate, juvenile, nonproductive adult, lactating adult, and gestating adult). Tabulated requirements suggest that adults at peak lactation require greatest quantities of energy and neonates generally require greatest quantities of protein, agreeing with suggestions that lactation is energetically expensive and protein is most limiting during growth. Equations used in this system were precise (allometric equations had R(2) generally ≥0.89 and coefficient of variation <31.1%) and expected to reliably predict requirements across species. Results showed that a system for beef cattle would overestimate NE and either over- or underestimate NP for gain when applied to wild ruminants, showing that systems for wild ruminants should not extrapolate from requirements for domestic ruminants. One prominent system for wild ruminants predicted at times vastly different protein requirements from those predicted by the proposed system. The proposed system should be further evaluated and expanded to include other nutrients.

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Metabolizable energy requirements of lactating goats

Cited by 48 publications

References 55 publications

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Characteristics of the dairy goat primary sector at the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

A system for predicting energy and protein requirements of wild ruminants

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