Metabolites and chemometric study of Perilla (Perilla frutescens) from different varieties and geographical origins

Abstract

Perilla (Perilla frutescens, PF) is an annual labiaceae herb that can be used as vegetable, seasoner, and herb, which mainly includes red PF (P. frutescens var. crispa) and green PF (P. frutescens var. frutescens). Red and green Perilla is mainly used for medicine and food, respectively. In order to explore the differences between these two Perilla cultivars and the effects of origin on them, we studied the components of 130 Perilla samples from different origins by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. In this study, 57 potential compounds were analyzed, mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins. In different varieties of Perilla, anthocyanins were found only in red PF. In addition, the content of four flavonoids, two organic acids, and one coumarin in red PF is much higher than that in green PF. Among the same variety of Perilla, the contents of three metabolites were higher in the north of China for red Perilla, while five metabolites were higher in the south of China for green Perilla. Overall, this research provided a basis for distinguishing different varieties and sources of Perilla through the differential metabolites of Perilla.

Assessing the Antioxidant Properties, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antitumoral Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Perilla leaves Extracts

“…Kaempferol and ferulic acid were abundant in the E3 extract. Other studies have confirmed the presence of these compounds in different varieties of Perilla frutescens [29][30][31].…”

Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of MADS-box transcription factor gene family in Perilla frutescens

“…P. frutescens leaves have multiple uses as medicinal materials, vegetables, and spices. They are known to contain a diverse range of chemical components, including flavonoids and polysaccharides ( Fiedor and Burda, 2014 ; Holt et al, 2005 ; Li et al., 2022 ). The flavonoid compounds in plants have distinct functions in response to specific developmental stages or abiotic conditions.…”

“…In addition, P. frutescens leaves come in various colors such as green and purple. The purple leaves are rich in anthocyanin content and are used as a food pigment ( Yoshida et al., 1990 ; Fujiwara et al., 2018 ; Li et al, 2022 ). On the other hand, the green leaves of P. frutescens contain a high content of bioactive compounds and are often utilized in various applications such as food, skin creams, and medications for atopic dermatitis ( Komatsu et al., 2016 ; Edge et al, 1997 ).…”

Applications of Perilla frutescens Extracts in Clinical Practice

“…After consuming Perilla frutescens extracts, polyphenols may be taken into the circulation and integrated into LDL, according to in vitro studies [ 75 , 76 ]. In addition, it must be considered that Perilla frutescens contains a variety of antioxidants, including polyphenols, vitamin E, and carotenoids [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Certain hydrophilic antioxidants link to phospholipids or proteins on the LDL periphery, while hydrophobic antioxidants attach nearer to the LDL nucleus, according to previous research [ 80 , 81 ].…”