Metabolite profiling of Mycoplasma gallisepticum mutants, combined with bioinformatic analysis, can reveal the likely functions of virulence-associated genes

Masukagami, Yumiko; Nijagal, Brunda; Tseng, Chi-Wen; Dayalan, Saravanan; Tivendale, Kelly A.; Markham, Philip F.; Browning, Glenn F.; Sansom, Fiona M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.001

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although the multiple respiratory diseases are very complex in terms of pathogenesis and the relationship between inflammation, clinical disease and response to treatment, with significant improvements in analytics platforms and the reduction in costs, the mechanism for using ’omics to elucidate disease has grown exponentially in recent years [ 12 , 13 ]. A previous study reported the metabolite profiling combined with bioinformatics of MG mutants which could reveal the likely functions of virulence associated genes [ 14 ]. In addition, the application of copolymerization and canonical correlation analysis also identified a number of important conditional correlations between metabolites and transcripts of E.coli [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachidonic acid metabolism is elevated inMycoplasma gallisepticumandEscherichia colico-infection and induces LTC4 in serum as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Virulence

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Outbreaks of multiple respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality have been frequently reported in poultry industry. Metabolic profiling has showed widespread usage in metabolic and infectious disease for identifying biomarkers and understanding of complex mechanisms. In this study, the non-targeted metabolomics were used on Mycoplasma gallisepticum ( MG ) and Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) co-infection model in serum, which showed that Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Chenodeoxycholate, Linoleate and numerous energy metabolites were varied significantly. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of linoleic acid, taurine and arachidonic acid (AA) were upregulated. To further characterize the consequences of co-infection, we performed an AA metabolic network pathway with metabolic products and enzyme genes. The results showed that the expression of LTC4 increased extremely significant and accompanied with different degree of infection. Meanwhile, the AA network performed the changes and differences of various metabolites in the pathway when multiple respiratory diseases occurred. Taken together, co-infection induces distinct alterations in the serum metabolome owing to the activation of AA metabolism. Furthermore, LTC4 in serum could be used as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease. Abbreviations MG: Mycoplasma gallisepticum; E.coli: Escherichia coli ; AA: Arachidonic acid; LTC4: Leukotriene C4; CRD: chronic respiratory diseases; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LTs: leukotrienes; PGs: prostaglandins; NO: nitric oxide; HIS: histamine; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; PLS-DA: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis; CCU: color change unit; UPLC: ultra-performance liquid chromatography; MS: mass spectrometry; DEMs: differentially expressed metabolites; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SD: standard deviation; VIP: Variable importance in the projection

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachidonic acid metabolism is elevated inMycoplasma gallisepticumandEscherichia colico-infection and induces LTC4 in serum as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Virulence

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“…M. gallisepticum possesses the MGA_0220 gene that encodes a putative ATP-binding protein (OppD), which is involved in amino acid, dipeptide, and oligopeptide transport. OppD is required for pathogenesis as the mutant strain has been shown to have a reduced capacity to induce respiratory tract lesions and persist in the respiratory tract, but its ATPase activity remains to be investigated [13,247,248].…”

Section: Ecto-atpasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

Chen

Qin

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria lacking a cell wall, can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. Mycoplasmas harbor a variety of virulence factors that enable them to overcome numerous barriers of entry into the host; using accessory proteins, mycoplasma adhesins can bind to the receptors or extracellular matrix of the host cell. Although the host immune system can eradicate the invading mycoplasma in most cases, a few sagacious mycoplasmas employ a series of invasion and immune escape strategies to ensure their continued survival within their hosts. For instance, capsular polysaccharides are crucial for anti-phagocytosis and immunomodulation. Invasive enzymes degrade reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps, and immunoglobulins. Biofilm formation is important for establishing a persistent infection. During proliferation, successfully surviving mycoplasmas generate numerous metabolites, including hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; or secrete various exotoxins, such as communityacquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin, and hemolysins; and express various pathogenic enzymes, all of which have potent toxic effects on host cells. Furthermore, some inherent components of mycoplasmas, such as lipids, membrane lipoproteins, and even mycoplasmagenerated superantigens, can exert a significant pathogenic impact on the host cells or the immune system. In this review, we describe the proposed virulence factors in the toolkit of notorious mycoplasmas to better understand the pathogenic features of these bacteria, along with their pathogenic mechanisms.

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“…Interference with such transporters is likely to affect the growth and viability of mycoplasmas substantially, so essential transporters are likely to be promising targets in future rationale vaccine efforts. Candidates have already been identified in other Mycoplasma species that are present in the “ Mycoplasma mycoides cluster”, including the putative oligopeptide/dipeptide (opp/dpp) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 66 , 67 . Therefore, a combination of in silico analysis and OMICS data (proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics) is likely to enable us to identify transporters that should be target for future characterization.…”

Section: Candidate Vaccine Antigens and Attenuation Targets - Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: a research community’s recommendations for the development of better vaccines

et al. 2020

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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) are major infectious diseases of ruminants caused by mycoplasmas in Africa and Asia. In contrast with the limited pathology in the respiratory tract of humans infected with mycoplasmas, CBPP and CCPP are devastating diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Beyond their obvious impact on animal health, CBPP and CCPP negatively impact the livelihood and wellbeing of a substantial proportion of livestock-dependent people affecting their culture, economy, trade and nutrition. The causative agents of CBPP and CCPP are Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae, respectively, which have been eradicated in most of the developed world. The current vaccines used for disease control consist of a live attenuated CBPP vaccine and a bacterin vaccine for CCPP, which were developed in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Both of these vaccines have many limitations, so better vaccines are urgently needed to improve disease control. In this article the research community prioritized biomedical research needs related to challenge models, rational vaccine design and protective immune responses. Therefore, we scrutinized the current vaccines as well as the challenge-, pathogenicity-and immunity models. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP.

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Metabolite profiling of Mycoplasma gallisepticum mutants, combined with bioinformatic analysis, can reveal the likely functions of virulence-associated genes

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Arachidonic acid metabolism is elevated inMycoplasma gallisepticumandEscherichia colico-infection and induces LTC4 in serum as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease

Arachidonic acid metabolism is elevated inMycoplasma gallisepticumandEscherichia colico-infection and induces LTC4 in serum as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: a research community’s recommendations for the development of better vaccines

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