Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Some Species of Genus Scutellaria Growing in Bulgaria

Abstract

Until now, the interest to plants from genus Scutellaria in Bulgaria has been focused mainly on the terpenes in them. The purpose of this study is to enrich the information on the composition of the Bulgarian Scutellaria species in terms of both polyphenolic content as well as primary metabolites such as mono-, oligosaccharides and organic acids. An aerial part of three Scutellaria species growing in four low mountain regions of Southern Bulgaria was used. The flavonoids scutellarin, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, wogonoside, luteolin, chrysin and a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside-verbascoside have been identified via HPLC in different extracts from Scutellaria altissima, Scutellaria albida and Scutellaria galericulata. The antioxidant activity of the extracts has been evaluated. The Scutellaria altissima from Mezek and Scutellaria galericulata from Parvenets we studied, which are the richest in flavonoids (represented mainly by baicalin, scutellarin and wogonoside), show the highest Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity. Hydroxyl Radical Averting Capacity of Scutellaria albida from Mezek and Scutellaria altissima from Bachkovo is the most pronounced, probably due to the content of scutellarin and luteolin and chrysin, respectively. Antioxidant activity of aqueous, methanolic and 70% and 96% ethanol extracts were also determined by the electrochemical method.

Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

“…The plant and its derived products are varying under environmental gradients such as water, temperature and light [ 50 ]. Mainly, the genus is a rich basis of flavonoid contents which are mainly influenced by the optimum level of the environmental gradient for the genus Scutellaria; thus, our finding agrees with the reported data of Chen et al [ 51 ], who studied S. baicalensis .…”

“…(3β)-3-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid ( UA ): Colorless crystals; 1 H-NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d, δ = ppm): 5.23 (1H, br. s), 3.20 (1H, t, 10.8, 6.6 Hz), 2.17 (1H, d, 10.8 Hz), 1.29 (3H, s), 1.11 (3H, s), 0.99 (3H, s), 0.90 (3H, s), 0.87 (3H, s), 0.86 (3H, s), 0.69 (3H, s), 13 C-NMR (150 MHz, Chloroform-d, δ = ppm): 181.2, 137.9, 125.9, 79.0, 55.2, 52.7, 47.9, 47.6,42.0, 39.5, 39.1, 38.8, 38.7, 38.6, 37.0, 36.7, 33.0, 30.6, 29.7, 28.1, 28.0, 27.2, 24.2, 23.6, 23.3, 21.2, 18.3, 17.1, 17.0, 15.6, 15.5; ESI-HRMS (negative): m / z 455.3531 [M − H] + [ 50 , 54 ].…”

“…Ovaul ( OV ): 1 H-NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d): White powders; 5.11 (1H, t, J = 3.6, H-12), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 10.8, H-28a), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 11.4, 4.8, H-3α), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 10.8, H-28b), 1.11, 1.00, 0.95, 0.93, 0.79 (each 3H, s), 0.94, 0.81 (each 3H, d, J = 6.0). 13 C NMR (150 MHz, Chloroform-d, δ = ppm): 138.6, 125.0, 79.0, 69.9, 55.1, 54.0, 47.6, 42.0, 40.0, 39.4, 39.3, 38.7, 38.0, 36.8, 35.1, 32.8, 30.6, 28.1, 27.2, 25.9, 23.4, 23.3, 23.3, 21.3, 18.3, 17.3, 16.7, 15.6, 15.6; ESI-HRMS (positive): m / z 443.3311 [M + H] + [ 50 ].…”

Biological evaluation of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya (Boiss.) Rech.f. and Scutellaria orientalis subsp. sosnowskyi (Takht.) Fed. growing in eastern Anatolia

“…There is vast research on the antioxidant properties of Stachys and Scutellaria species and remarkable effects have been observed in most of these studies (Koçak et al, 2017;Mamadalieva et al, 2017;Elfalleh et al, 2019;Georgieva et al, 2021). It is generally known that these species are rich in essential oil and phenolic compounds, which may be linked to potent antioxidant action (Sarikurkcu et al, 2016;Zengin et al, 2019).…”

“…One of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae is Scutellaria L., which consists of approximately 350 species across the world (Georgieva et al, 2021). In Turkey, it is represented by 39 taxa, almost half of which are endemic (Çiçek, 2012).…”