Metabolism of Naphthaleneacetic Acid-1-C<sup>14</sup> in Rats

Lethco, E. J.; Brouwer, Eric

doi:10.1021/jf60147a028

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…However, the free acid is the main fecal metabolite and it seems likely that intestinal hydrolysis occurs prior to its absorption. Naphthaleneacetic acid is excreted in the bile as a glucuronide which has been postulated to undergo intestinal hydrolysis and absorption (56). Table I11 lists glucuronides which have been shown to be hydrolyzed and further metabolized in the intestine.…”

Section: Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Metabolism by Intestinal Microorganisms

Scheline

1968

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

208

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Section: Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Metabolism by Intestinal Microorganisms

Scheline

1968

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

208

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“…Benzophenone oxime glucuronide was excreted not in feces but in urine. This result was supported by a number of investigations which reported that glucuronides were hydrolyzed by intestinal microorganisms of mammals and caused enterohepatic circulation (15,(20)(21)(22) to be excreted in urine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Identification of Rat Urinary and Fecal Metabolites of a New Herbicide, Pyribenzoxim

Liu

Moon

Kang

et al. 2005

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Rats were treated with pyribenzoxim (O-[2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoyl]oxime), a new herbicide, to investigate the related metabolites in urine and feces. Metabolites were identified using LC/MS (electrospray ionization) and GC/MS (electron impact ionization) following the relatively simple and rapid extraction and purification procedures. Three metabolites were identified in urine either from oral gavage or intravenous (iv) injection. They were benzophenone oxime (BO), benzophenone oxime glucuronide (BOG), and 2-hydroxy-6-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid (HDB). Benzophenone oxime was present in larger quantity than BOG and HDB in urine from oral treatment, while the case was opposite in urine from iv treatment. Glucuronide conjugate was confirmed unambiguously by enzyme hydrolysis. 2,6-Bis(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid (KIH-2023) and benzophenone were identified in feces. Benzophenone was confirmed by GC/MS and HPLC/DAD since LC/MS could not produce an ESI spectrum. On the basis of the results obtained, a metabolic map of pyribenzoxim is proposed.

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“…Based on toxicological investigations on rats (Anderson et al, 1936;Lethco and Brouwer, 1966), mice (Holler et al, 1958), dogs (Bernhard and Caflisch-Weill, 1949), and chick embryos (Dye et al, 1944) an acceptable daily in- take of 1.5 mg of NAAamide or NAA per person per day can be tolerated (Schlatter, 1973). Therefore, an intake of 1 kg of apples per day containing 1.5 ppm of NAAamide or NAA would represent an upper toxicological limit for adult persons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detected amounts of NAAamide (0.049 ppm) and NAA (0.012 ppm) are far below this value. Since metabolic studies (Lethco and Brouwer, 1966) as well as carcinogenic investigations (Truhaut and Vermes, 1948;Innes et al, 1969) have shown no indication that NAAamide or NAA may pose health hazards, there appears to be no objection to the agricultural use of these two growth regulators.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%