Metabolism of linear alkylate sulfonate and alkyl benzene sulfonate in albino rats

Michael, William R.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(68)90154-3

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Carp [7] and * To whom correspondence may be addressed ( j.tolls@ritox.vet.uu.nl). fathead minnows [6] are fish species for which biotransformation of LAS to sulfophenyl carboxylic acids (SPC) has been demonstrated, suggesting that the reaction sequence is analogous to that observed in biotransformation by rats [9]. A similar reaction sequence is proposed by the literature on microbial degradation [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Tolls¹,

Lehmann²,

Sijm³

2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a major surfactant in household detergents and enters the environment via the wastewater. Aquatic organisms are thus exposed to LAS and can bioaccumulate this compound. Even though the extent of bioaccumulation is determined by the organisms' capability of metabolizing LAS, little is known about metabolism of LAS in small aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, we present a novel approach to quantify in vivo biotransformation. Fish (fathead minnows [Pimephales promelas]) were exposed to the LAS constituent 2-n-(p-sulfophenyl)-dodecane (C 12 -2-LAS). The parent surfactant and its biotransformation product 3-n-(p-sulfophenyl)-butyric acid (C 4 -3-SPC) were determined in fish tissue. On the average, the concentration of C 4 -3-SPC in fish was 70 to 80% of that of C 12 -2-LAS. The first-order one-compartment model of bioconcentration was extended to include biotransformation as an explicit process. Analysis of the C 4 -3-SPC/C 12 -2-LAS concentration ratio in fish allowed estimating a rate constant for in vivo biotransformation of C 12 -2-LAS in fathead minnows. With the estimates of the biotransformation rate constant (k BT,LAS ) ranging between 0.31 and 0.72/d, biotransformation contributes to more than 40% of the elimination of C 12 -2-LAS in fathead minnows. This indicates that biotransformation is a significant process in reducing the bioaccumulation potential of LAS. Moreover, the present investigation demonstrates that the combination of measurements of parent compound and metabolite with an extended bioaccumulation model is a viable approach for quantification of biotransformation in small aquatic test animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Tolls¹,

Lehmann²,

Sijm³

2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…The results of a metabolism chamber study of elimination of LAS by channel catfish [8] point to urinary excretion of radio‐labeled LAS in the form of polar metabolites. Carp [7] and fathead minnows [6] are fish species for which biotransformation of LAS to sulfophenyl carboxylic acids (SPC) has been demonstrated, suggesting that the reaction sequence is analogous to that observed in biotransformation by rats [9]. A similar reaction sequence is proposed by the literature on microbial degradation [10–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantification of in vivo biotransformation of the anionic surfactant C₁₂‐2‐linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in fathead minnows

Tolls

Lehmann

Sijm

2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a major surfactant in household detergents and enters the environment via the wastewater. Aquatic organisms are thus exposed to LAS and can bioaccumulate this compound. Even though the extent of bio‐accumulation is determined by the organisms' capability of metabolizing LAS, little is known about metabolism of LAS in small aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, we present a novel approach to quantify in vivo biotransformation. Fish (fathead minnows [Pimephales promelas]) were exposed to the LAS constituent 2‐n‐(p‐sulfophenyl)‐dodecane (C12‐2‐LAS). The parent surfactant and its biotransformation product 3‐n‐(p‐sulfophenyl)‐butyric acid (C4‐3‐SPC) were determined in fish tissue. On the average, the concentration of C4‐3‐SPC in fish was 70 to 80% of that of C12‐2‐LAS. The first‐order one‐compartment model of bioconcentration was extended to include biotransformation as an explicit process. Analysis of the C4‐3‐SPC/C12‐2‐LASconcentration ratio in fish allowed estimating a rate constant for in vivo biotransformation of C12‐2‐LAS in fathead minnows. With the estimates of the biotransformation rate constant (kBT,LAS) ranging between 0.31 and 0.72/d, biotransformation contributes to more than 40% of the elimination of C12‐2‐LAS in fathead minnows. This indicates that biotransformation is a significant process in reducing the bioaccumulation potential of LAS. Moreover, the present investigation demonstrates that the combination of measurements of parent compound and metabolite with an extended bioaccumulation model is a viable approach for quantification of biotransformation in small aquatic test animals.

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“…Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Michael 36 orally administered 35 S-labeled LAS (0.6, 1.2, 8.0, or 40.0 mg; 1.0 mL) to male albino Charles River rats (n ¼ 3 or 5) after fasting. The animals were housed individually and urine and feces were collected daily for 3 days.…”

Section: General Biology Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author concluded that 89% to 90% of an oral dose of LAS was readily adsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. 36…”

Section: General Biology Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amended Safety Assessment of Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Decylbenzenesulfonate, and Tridecylbenzenesulfonate Salts as Used in Cosmetics

Becker¹,

Bergfeld²,

Belsito³

et al. 2010

Int J Toxicol

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Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is one of a group of salts of alkylbenzene sulfonates used in cosmetics as surfactant-cleansing agents. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is soluble in water and partially soluble in alcohol, with dermal absorption dependent on pH. Dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts are not toxic in single-dose oral and dermal animal tests, and no systemic toxicities were observed in repeat-dose dermal animal studies. In dermal animal studies, no evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity was reported. At 15% concentrations, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was severely irritating to rabbit skin. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that the irritant properties of these ingredients are similar to those of other detergents, with severity dependent on concentration and pH. Products containing these ingredients should be formulated to ensure that the irritancy potential is minimized.

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Metabolism of linear alkylate sulfonate and alkyl benzene sulfonate in albino rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Quantification of in vivo biotransformation of the anionic surfactant C₁₂‐2‐linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in fathead minnows

Amended Safety Assessment of Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Decylbenzenesulfonate, and Tridecylbenzenesulfonate Salts as Used in Cosmetics

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Metabolism of linear alkylate sulfonate and alkyl benzene sulfonate in albino rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Quantification of in Vivo Biotransformation of the Anionic Surfactant C12-2-Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Fathead Minnows

Quantification of in vivo biotransformation of the anionic surfactant C12‐2‐linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in fathead minnows

Amended Safety Assessment of Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Decylbenzenesulfonate, and Tridecylbenzenesulfonate Salts as Used in Cosmetics

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Quantification of in vivo biotransformation of the anionic surfactant C₁₂‐2‐linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in fathead minnows