Metabolism of Glucuronic Acid in Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

Tamura, Shunkichi; Tomizawa, Setsuo; Tsutsumi, Shoji; Suguro, Nobuo; Kizu, Koji; Ito, Hiroo; Nakai, Kazuhito; Kita, Shin-ichi; Masuda, Michio

doi:10.1254/jjp.16.138

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Generally speaking, glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid conjugation appear to co-exist with the same basic substance, or even the phosphate bond, although incomprehensible, since phosphoric or the sulfric acid radical cannot be said to be a free salt when viewed in terms of Rf values. These biochemical active substances are physiologically present in the urine and blood of normal humans, and, as shown in the previous communication (1), increase during physical movement in parallel with the degree of fatigue. These substances, which can arrest heart beat in the frog, do not increase enough in human blood to be so toxic as to cause cardiac arrest.…”

Section: Abstract-p3supporting

confidence: 56%

Further Studies on Biochemical Active Substances in Urine, Increasing With Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

et al. 1973

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Abstract-P3and P4 substances were collected from fresh urine of normal male subjects by the techniques of saturation with acetone and precipitation with lead acetate. In addition, FII was fractionated out chromatographically from P3, and was found to have a strong activity in producing cardiac arrest in the frog. It was possible to obtain evidence that the activity of FII is the essence of that of P3 and that FII consists of a single or nearly single substances as chromatographically shown. FII fraction appears to be a peptide of low molecular weight with lysine and tyrosine among the constituents.P4 had no such activity as FII or P3 but suggested the glucosidetype bond. Treatment with acids and heat showed that P4 originates from the same substances as glucuronic acid. Partial hydrolysis of FII resulted in two different ninhydrin-positive components in addition to lysine and tyrosine. Two ninhydrinpositive substances were found among the partial hydrolytes of P4. It is suggested that there is a resemblance in basic structure between FII and P4.There is a variety of in vivo metabolites excreted in the urine. During the course of a disease or following drug administration substances not found physiologically are seen. There is also a ratio variation between the different constituents.It is a well established fact that there are some biochemical active substances present in ordinary human urine and that these can be precipitated by addition of acetone. Acetone insoluble substances (AP) include 2 substances, one precipitated by addition of saturated lead acetate solution (P3) and the other by lead subacetate solution (P4). These biochemical active substances in urine and serum increase during physical exercise. These substances arrest the cardiac beat in the frog. In a previous study (1) an attempt was made to elucidate the essence of these substances with the result that these were found to be proteins of low molecular weight. Using the same procedure, an attempt was made for a refinement utilizing a different technique of analysis. The results obtained are discussed herein. METHODS AND RESULTS1-1. Five liters of fresh urine from males was mixed with 10 1 of acetone. The precipitate was obtained by centrifugation (3,000 r.p.m.), then washed once with acetone. The acetone precipitate (AP) was treate d as shown in Table 1 in order to obtain fraction P3

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Section: Abstract-p3supporting

confidence: 56%

Further Studies on Biochemical Active Substances in Urine, Increasing With Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

et al. 1973

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“…While evidence suggests that choline depletion during exercise may limit performance due to the inability to delay fatigue, research conducted by Spector et al, [ 31 ] and Warber et al, [ 32 ] concluded that choline levels do not drop during exercise and that choline supplementation is ineffective at delaying fatigue. Glucuronolactone is a natural compound, which is believed to increase endurance capacity [ 33 , 34 ]. While evidence is lacking relative to its impact on anaerobic exercise performance, Forbes et al, [ 35 ] reported that a commercially available energy drink containing 15 mg of glucuronolactone did not have a significant impact on anaerobic power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acute pre-workout supplementation on power and strength performance

Martinez

Campbell

Franek

et al. 2016

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundConsumption of pre-workout dietary supplements by both recreational and competitive athletes has increased dramatically in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of a caffeine-containing pre-workout dietary supplement on various measures of performance including anaerobic power, upper and lower body power, and upper body strength in recreationally trained males.MethodsThirteen males (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 6 yrs; height = 180.3 ± 5 cm; body mass = 83.4 ± 9 kg) participated in this investigation in which they reported to the laboratory on four separate occasions, each separated by one week. Each subject underwent an initial familiarization session on week one followed by baseline (BA) performance testing on week two. Performance testing included a medicine ball put (MBP) to determine upper body explosive power, vertical jump test (VJ) to determine lower body explosive power, one-rep maximum bench press (1-RM) for determining upper body strength, and a Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT) to determine measures of anaerobic power. On week three, subjects were randomly assigned to ingest either a pre-workout supplement (SUP) or a placebo (PL) and again complete the performance testing protocol. Subjects were provided with the crossover treatment on the fourth and final week. Performance testing commenced 20-minute following ingestion of both treatments, which was similar to previous investigations.ResultsSignificant differences in anaerobic peak power relative to the WAnT were observed following ingestion of the SUP (782 ± 191 W) in comparison to the PL (722 ± 208 W; p = 0.003; effect size = 0.30) and BA (723 ± 205 W; p = 0.011; effect size = 0.28). Significant differences were also observed for anaerobic mean power following ingestion of the SUP (569 ± 133 W) in comparison to the PL (535 ± 149 W; p = 0.006; effect size = 0.24) and BA (538 ± 148 W; p = 0.020; effect size = 0.22). No significant differences between trials were observed for upper body power, lower body power, or upper body strength.ConclusionsIngestion of the pre-workout dietary supplement led to significant improvements in anaerobic peak and mean power values in comparison to the placebo and baseline treatments. No improvements were observed in upper and lower body power or upper body strength. Taken prior to exercise, a caffeine-containing pre-workout dietary supplement may improve anaerobic power performance.

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“…It is found naturally in our bodies and in foods such as fruits. There is some evidence to suggest that glucuronolactone may decrease exercise fatigue, but more research is needed to form a definite conclusion (Tamura, Tomizawa, Tsutsumi, Suguro, & Kizu, 1966). This compound has not been shown to have any negative effects on health, but the research is limited and there is also not enough evidence to set safe consumption levels (Higgins et al, 2010;Scientific Committee on Food, 2003).…”

Section: Other Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facts About Energy Drinks

Bub¹,

Shelnutt

2012

EDIS

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You can’t walk into a supermarket these days without seeing a wide selection of energy drinks, many claiming that they do everything from boosting your energy to helping you focus. In fact, energy drinks are so popular that, on average, Americans drank about 15 cups per person in 2007. But what’s in a typical energy drink? Do they really work? And are there any health risks from consuming them? This 4-page fact sheet was written by Erica Bub and Karla Shelnutt, and published by the UF Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, April 2012.

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Metabolism of Glucuronic Acid in Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Further Studies on Biochemical Active Substances in Urine, Increasing With Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

Further Studies on Biochemical Active Substances in Urine, Increasing With Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise

The effect of acute pre-workout supplementation on power and strength performance

Facts About Energy Drinks

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