Metabolism of Cortical Steroid Hormones and Their General Mode of Action

Mechanism of Adrenal Insufficiency Following Trauma and Severe Hemorrhage

“…Blood samples for corticosterone and corticotropin assays were collected at 2 to 4 PM, when plasma levels were similar to the 24-hour average. 15 Plasma levels of corticosterone and corticosterone contents in the adrenal tissues were determined using a commercially available doubleantibody radioimmunoassay kit specifically for rat corticosterone (Immuchem; ICN Biomedicals Inc, Costa Mesa, Calif). Plasma samples (10 µL each) were assayed in duplicates.…”

“…The enzyme 11␤-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11␤-HSD) is expressed extensively in the liver 15 and catalyzes the conversion of 11␤-hydroxysteroids-cortisol in humans and corticosterone (the main glucocorticoid in rodents) in the rat-into their inactive forms, cortisone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, respectively. 16 Although previous studies have demonstrated that hepatocellular dysfunction occurs early after the onset of hemorrhage and persists even after fluid resuscitation, 4 it remains unknown whether the depressed hepatocellular function is associated with a decrease in 11␤-HSD activity.…”

“…As a result, cholesterol is liberated and penetrates into the P-450 system of the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus providing more substrate for steroidogenesis within minutes. 15 In the long term (hours), corticotropin regulates the activity of the adrenal steroid hydroxylase system by elevating intracellular cAMP levels. 15 However, the corticotropin-induced corticosterone release test, which we used, appears to assess the shortterm effects of corticotropin on the adrenal cortex.…”

Structural variants of glucocorticoid receptor binding sites and different versions of positive glucocorticoid responsive elements: Analysis of GR-TRRD database

“…Glucocorticoid hormones are involved in regulation of the main vital processes in the body of vertebrate animals-growth, differentiation, reproduction, adaptation, and behavior [1,2]. The glucocorticoids mainly act at a transcription level via binding to the intracellular receptor of these hormones.…”

Binding Site For Glucocorticoid Receptor On DNA And Structural Variants Of Glucocorticoid Responsive Elements: Analysis Of GR-TRRd

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ГЕнЕТИКА ПОПуЛяцИй И ЭВОЛюцИя 20 место связывания ГлЮкокоРтикоиДноГо РецептоРа на Днк и стРуктуРные ваРианты ГлЮкокоРтикоиДных РеГулятоРных Элементов: Данные, собРанные в базе GR-TRRD ВВЕДЕНИЕ Глюкокортикоидные гормоны участвуют в регуляции основных про-цессов жизнедеятельности организма позвоночных животных -роста, дифференцировки, размножения, адаптации, поведения [19]. Основная часть эффектов глюкокортикоидов в клетках-мишенях реализуется за счет связывания с внутриклеточным рецептором этих гормонов.

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