Metabolism of angiotensin I in the coronary circulation of normal and diabetic rats

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1–7) and Mas: new players of the renin–angiotensin system

“…Ang-(1-7) is among the RAS components present in hearts. The localization and local generation of Ang-(1-7) have been demonstrated in hearts from dogs (Santos et al 1990), rats (Neves et al 1995, Mahmood et al 2002, Averill et al 2003, Mendes et al 2005 and human (Zisman et al 2003, Campbell et al 2004. Immunoreactive Ang-(1-7) was found in aortic root, coronary sinus and right atrium of dogs at basal conditions and its levels were markedly reduced following treatment with the ACE inhibitor CGS-14831 (Santos et al 1990).…”

“…Immunoreactive Ang-(1-7) was found in aortic root, coronary sinus and right atrium of dogs at basal conditions and its levels were markedly reduced following treatment with the ACE inhibitor CGS-14831 (Santos et al 1990). Ang I is extensively metabolized during a single pass through the coronary bed leading to the generation of Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang-(1-7) in isolated hearts from normal (Neves et al 1995, Mahmood et al 2002 and diabetic rats (Mahmood et al 2002). In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed that Ang-(1-7) is expressed in rat cardiac myocytes (Averill et al 2003) and sinoatrial node cells .…”

Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-(1-7)

“…Ang-(1-7) was markedly reduced following treatment with the ACE inhibitor CGS-14,831 (18). In isolated rat hearts, Ang I is extensively metabolized during a single pass through the coronary bed, leading to the generation of Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV, and Ang-(1-7) (19,20). Ang-(1-7) formation in this model was not significantly changed by ACE inhibitors (19).…”

Attenuation of isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in transgenic rats harboring an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein in the heart

“…There is much evidence showing that Ang-(1-7) can be produced in the heart [Mahmood et al 2002;Santos et al 1990]. Immunoreactive Ang-(1-7) has been demonstrated in the aortic root, coronary sinus and right atrium at basal conditions in dogs [Santos et al 1990].…”

“…Immunoreactive Ang-(1-7) has been demonstrated in the aortic root, coronary sinus and right atrium at basal conditions in dogs [Santos et al 1990]. In isolated rat hearts, during a single pass through the coronary bed, Ang I is extensively metabolized leading to the generation of Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang-(1-7) [Mahmood et al 2002;Neves et al 1995]. Functionally, this peptide has important actions in the heart leading to prevention and attenuation of pathologies in animal models of cardiac diseases [Diez-Freire et al 2006;Loot et al 2002;Ferreira et al 2001].…”