METABOLISM Investigations on Dursban Insecticide. Metabolism of [ 36Cl]0,O-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl Phosphorothioate in Rats

Smith, G. N.; Watson, Betty S.; Fischer, Faye S.

doi:10.1021/jf60149a017

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…48 Experimental data indicate that the half-life of chlorpyrifos in adipose tissue is somewhat longer (62 hours). 49 In chronic-exposure situations, a biomarker measured at a single time point can provide a representative dosimetric measure of exposure even if the toxicant has a short half-life, such as cotinine. [50][51][52] Recent data from the larger cohort study from which this sample was drawn showed that exposures to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy remained fairly constant, that there was little within-home variability in indoor air levels (P > .2), and that between-home variability accounted for 92% of the variance in chlorpyrifos levels (P < .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE-The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos on 3-year neurodevelopment and behavior in a sample of inner-city minority children.METHODS-As part of an ongoing prospective cohort study in an inner-city minority population, neurotoxicant effects of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos were evaluated in 254 children through the first 3 years of life. This report examined cognitive and motor development at 12, 24, and 36 months (measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and child behavior at 36 months (measured with the Child Behavior Checklist) as a function of chlorpyrifos levels in umbilical cord plasma.RESULTS-Highly exposed children (chlorpyrifos levels of >6.17 pg/g plasma) scored, on average, 6.5 points lower on the Bayley Psychomotor Development Index and 3.3 points lower on the Bayley Mental Development Index at 3 years of age compared with those with lower levels of exposure. Children exposed to higher, compared with lower, chlorpyrifos levels were also significantly more likely to experience Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index delays, attention problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems, and pervasive developmental disorder problems at 3 years of age. CONCLUSIONS-The adjusted mean 36-month Psychomotor Development Index and MentalDevelopment Index scores of the highly and lower exposed groups differed by only 7.1 and 3.0 points, respectively, but the proportion of delayed children in the high-exposure group, compared with the low-exposure group, was 5 times greater for the Psychomotor Development Index and 2.4 times greater for the Mental Development Index, increasing the number of children possibly needing early intervention services. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 06. As a result of heavy indoor use, largely for cockroach control, pesticide exposure is widespread among pregnant women living in New York City. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Specifically, 72% to 85% of women participating in 2 different cohort studies reported using some form of pest control during pregnancy, 3,7-9 and 46% reported using ≥1 of the higher-toxicity methods, such as exterminator sprays, can sprays, and pest bombs. 3 A survey of pest control measures conducted in 2000 and 2001 by the office of the New York State Attorney General found that 93% of New York City public housing residents applied pesticides at home and more than one half did so approximately once per week. 6 In a previous report from the present cohort, detectable levels of chlorpyrifos were found in 99.7% of personal air samples and 100% of indoor air samples from stationary residential monitors for a sample of pregnant women. 8 Chlorpyrifos was also detected in 64% to 70% of blood samples collected from mothers and newborns at delivery. Maternal levels and newborn levels were correlated strongly, which indicates that this pesticide crosses the placenta readily. 3 Since the ban, levels of chlorpyr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

et al. 2006

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“…Thus, an absorption fraction of 1.0 was used in the chlorpyrifos exposure model, with a uniform uncertainty distribution ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 (Table 17) . Nolan et al (1984) reported that in a study on humans, 70% of an ingested dose of chlorpyrifos was absorbed in 48 h. Bakke et al ( 1976) , Ahadaya et al ( 1981) , and Smith et al (1967) found that 90% of an administered dose of in an acute oral exposure was absorbed in rats. Thus, a constant absorption value of 0.7 was used for all simulated individuals and ingested media in the chlorpyrifos exposure model (assumes that the variation between individuals in the population is small) , with a uniform uncertainty distribution ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 (Table 17) .…”

Section: Absorption Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled estimates of chlorpyrifos exposure and dose for the Minnesota and Arizona NHEXAS populations

Buck

Özkaynak

Xue³

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This paper presents a probabilistic, multimedia, multipathway exposure model and assessment for chlorpyrifos developed as part of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey ( NHEXAS) . The model was constructed using available information prior to completion of the NHEXAS study. It simulates the distribution of daily aggregate and pathway -specific chlorpyrifos absorbed dose in the general population of the State of Arizona ( AZ) and in children aged 3 ± 12 years residing in Minneapolis ± St. Paul, Minnesota ( MSP) . Pathways included were inhalation of indoor and outdoor air, dietary ingestion, non -dietary ingestion of dust and soil, and dermal contact with dust and soil. Probability distributions for model input parameters were derived from the available literature, and input values were chosen to represent chlorpyrifos concentrations and demographics in AZ and MSP to the extent possible. When the NHEXAS AZ and MSP data become available, they can be compared to the distributions derived in this and other prototype modeling assessments to test the adequacy of this pre -NHEXAS model assessment. Although pathway -specific absorbed dose estimates differed between AZ and MSP due to differences in model inputs between simulated adults and children, the aggregate model results and general findings for simulated AZ and MSP populations were similar. The major route of chlorpyrifos intake was food ingestion, followed by indoor air inhalation. Two -stage Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive estimates of both interindividual variability and uncertainty in the estimated distributions. The variability in the model results reflects the difference in activity patterns, exposure factors, and concentrations contacted by individuals during their daily activities. Based on the coefficient of variation, indoor air inhalation and dust ingestion were most variable relative to the mean, primarily because of variability in concentrations due to use or no -use of pesticides. Uncertainty analyses indicated a factor of 10 ± 30 for uncertainty of model predictions of 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. The greatest source of uncertainty in the model stems from the definition of no household pesticide use as no use in the past year. Because chlorpyrifos persists in the residential environment for longer than a year, the modeled estimates are likely to be low. More information on pesticide usage and environmental concentrations measured at different post -application times is needed to refine and evaluate this and other pesticide exposure models.

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“…It is not likely, however, to be a signifi cant pathway of exposure for birds because CPY is rapidly metabolized with a half-life of approximately 1-d Smith et al 1967 ). Because CPY has a half-life of 2-5-d on foliage under fi eld conditions ), acute exposure is the primary concern.…”

Section: Routes Of Exposure For Birds In Terrestrial Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Giesy¹,

Solomon²

2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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METABOLISM Investigations on Dursban Insecticide. Metabolism of [ 36Cl]0,O-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl Phosphorothioate in Rats

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

Modeled estimates of chlorpyrifos exposure and dose for the Minnesota and Arizona NHEXAS populations

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

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