Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Giesy, John P.; Solomon, Keith R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03865-0

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…According to Swanson et al (1991) aquatic macrophytes were described as more sensitive to pesticides than algae mainly because pesticides (specially herbicides) are often designed to control vascular plants. Nevertheless, another comparative studies indicate than for an important group of chemicals, including herbicides, algal species were more sensitive than macrophytes (Giddings et al, 2013). Despite the differences in obtained conclusions, both authors, showed a wide variability in sensitivity according to chemicals, concentrations and species tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Can a low concentration of an organophosphate insecticide cause negative effects on an aquatic macrophyte? Exposure of Potamogeton pusillus at environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations

Bertrand

Marino

Monferrán

et al. 2017

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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The contamination of the aquatic environments with organophosphorus pesticides may affect non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) at environmental concentrations on the freshwater macrophyte Potamogeton pusillus belonging to a genus of worldwide distribution. For this purpose, individuals were exposed from 3.5 to 94.5 ng of CPF L À1 for 96 h. A battery of biochemical responses including bioaccumulation, defense and damage biomarkers were measured in leaf, stem and root. Even when CPF was not detected in the macrophyte tissues, our results showed that this insecticide promotes oxidative stress and biomolecule damages in P. pusillus after acute exposure. Significant response of biomarkers was observed from the lowest tested concentration (3.5 ng CPF L À1). Oxidative stress was evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymatic activation, including changes in superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities, especially in leaf. Also, a significant decrease in chlorophyll a and b contents was observed mainly in leaf. Finally, with some selected biomarkers, an Integrated Biomarker Response index was calculated showing a dose-response relationship with CPF exposure. Previous studies reported that herbicides and organophosphorus pesticides are responsible for several effects on photosynthetic systems but at higher exposure concentrations than the tested in this study. These results draw attention to the need for more studies in toxic effects of insecticides on aquatic macrophytes, at low concentrations and different biological levels, since the protection guidelines would not be preserving these species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Can a low concentration of an organophosphate insecticide cause negative effects on an aquatic macrophyte? Exposure of Potamogeton pusillus at environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations

Bertrand

Marino

Monferrán

et al. 2017

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…The widespread distribution of CPY throughout the Alpine Arc can be partially explained by the physical and chemical properties and half-life of CPY, which influence its potential atmospheric transport. Mackay et al (2014b), using the OECD Tool (Wegmann et al, 2009), produced a simple mass balance model which considers both physical and chemical properties and persistence of contaminants. Based on this, the calculated characteristic travel distance (CTD) for CPY is 280e300 km.…”

Section: Cpymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal analysis and risk characterisation of pesticides in Alpine glacial streams

Rizzi

Finizio

Maggi

et al. 2019

Environmental Pollution

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We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of a selection of pesticides in Alpine glaciers used on the Po Plain in Northern Italy, near the Alps. By analysing a 102-m ice core taken from the Lys Glacier (Monte Rosa massif, Italy), we highlight historical contamination from the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the herbicide terbuthylazine, confirming the role of alpine glaciers as temporal sinks.In addition, we collected meltwater samples from six glaciers distributed along the Alpine Arc during the summer of 2016, which showed widespread contamination by pesticides. Overall, chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine dominated the contaminant fingerprint of all of the studied glaciers, with contamination peaks occurring at the beginning of the melting season. This highlights the importance of the mediumrange atmospheric transport of these pesticides in connection with agricultural practices in the areas beneath the Italian Alps, where they are widely applied.The release of pesticides in meltwater can lead to potential risks to the aquatic ecosystems of headwater streams, as we demonstrate for chlorpyrifos. This suggests that the medium-range atmospheric transport of pesticides should be considered as part of regulations to protect the water quality of these pristine environments.

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“…Also TCP has antimicrobial activity, and https://doi.org/10.24050/reia.v17i34.1313 it has been classified as toxic, persistent and mobile by the US EPA with a half-life ranging from 65 to 360 days in soil (Maya et al, 2011). Physical and chemical characteristics of Chlorpyrifos and TCP (Table 1) are the principal factors that govern the fate in the different environmental matrices (Solomon and Giesy, 2014), towards the aquatic systems, as a result of transport phenomena as well as volatilization (Singare, 2016), diffusion (Giesy et al, 2014), advection (Thibodeaux and Mackay, 2011), dispersion (Hemond and Fechner-Levy, 2015) and sorption (Gebremariam et al, 2012). There, the rate of Chlorpyrifos degradation depends on environmental conditions, such as pH, temperature, UV radiation, and microbiota, therefore as being a xenobiotic that alters the quality of water and as a result of Chlorpyrifos presence and its degradation products, which may result even more hazardous than the parental compounds, affect the ecosystem (Ríos-González, 2010).…”

Section: Chlorpyrifosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute and chronic exposure to common-use pesticides remains a considerable threat to non-target species, despite the continued effort to synthesize compounds with high target specificity and low environmental persistence (Simpson, Jeyasingh and Belden, 2017), in the case of Chlorpyrifos its behavior in surface water may be given by complex interactions of factors related to its application, agronomic practices, climatological conditions during and after the application, soil pedology and chemistry, hydrologic responses of drainage systems, and its physicochemical properties that affect mobility and persistence under those environmental settings (Williams et al, 2014). Chlorpyrifos may cause acute toxicity effects by inhibition of AChE occurring at low-level exposure in organisms that lack the target enzyme (Giddings et al, 2014); besides its long half-life in water, the effects of chlorpyrifos on aquatic ecosystems at different trophic levels are attracting more interest (Zhao and Chen, 2016).…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos In the Aquatic Environments And Its Risk Assessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorpyrifos may cause acute toxicity effects by inhibition of AChE occurring at low-level exposure in organisms that lack the target enzyme (Giddings et al, 2014); besides its long half-life in water, the effects of chlorpyrifos on aquatic ecosystems at different trophic levels are attracting more interest (Zhao and Chen, 2016). Chlorpyrifos is potentially toxic to most organisms that show differences in susceptibility, this is because of the differences in rates of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion among species (Solomon and Giesy, 2014).…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos In the Aquatic Environments And Its Risk Assessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Risk assessment of Chlorpyrifos and TCP in Aquatic Ecosystems

Arguello¹,

Valderrama

Villa

et al. 2020

reveia

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Chlorpyrifos is a commonly used pesticide that belong to the organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) group. Chlorpyrifos is widely used in residential environments and agriculture for pest control. As many OPPs, Chlorpyrifos degrades faster to more complex and toxic compounds under natural conditions, thus diverse effects of these compounds over aquatic species are unknown. Due to the risk that pesticides as Chlorpyrifos, which mainly breaks down to 3,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) on the ecosystems, there is an increasing need to intensify the environmental monitoring and ecotoxicological risk assessment for both substances. Risk assessment provides a systematic approach for characterizing the nature and magnitude of the risks associated with environmental health hazards. However, in countries like Colombia, where the use of Chlorpyrifos is widespread, the number of investigations on the dynamics and risk involved in the presence of this class of substances in water bodies is limited.

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Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Cited by 23 publications

References 108 publications

Can a low concentration of an organophosphate insecticide cause negative effects on an aquatic macrophyte? Exposure of Potamogeton pusillus at environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations

Can a low concentration of an organophosphate insecticide cause negative effects on an aquatic macrophyte? Exposure of Potamogeton pusillus at environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations

Spatial-temporal analysis and risk characterisation of pesticides in Alpine glacial streams

Environmental Risk assessment of Chlorpyrifos and TCP in Aquatic Ecosystems

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