Metabolism and metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls

Grimm, Fabian A.; Hu, Dewei; Kania-Korwel, Izabela; Lehmler, Hans‐Joachim; Ludewig, Gabriele; Hornbuckle, Keri C.; Duffel, Michael W.; Bergman, Åke; Robertson, Larry W.

doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.999365

Cited by 353 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…PCBs are persistent organic compounds associated with a broad spectrum of negative human health effects due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains (Salem et al, 2014;Grimm et al, 2015). PCBs are classified as 209 congeners that are similar in structure but differing in the position and/or number of chlorine atoms (EFSA, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Kampire

Rubidge

Adams

2017

WSA

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The distribution and concentrations of 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180, were determined in surface sediments from the North End Lake in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Forty-two surficial sediment samples were collected from different locations covering the region that receives the majority of the industrial waste, urban effluents and runoff and thus expected to be contaminated with different degrees of contamination. The analysis was achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using the internal standard method. The total PCB concentrations in the samples ranged from 1.60 to 3.06 ng·g -1 dry weight (dw). The concentrations of congener profiles showed significant differences. Generally, the highest PCB concentrations were associated with high organic matter contents and small grain size. The highly chlorinated PCBs dominated with regards to the levels in sediments. PCB 138 was the major contributor to the total PCBs and was detected at 100% of sites. This study provided a snapshot of the PCB contamination status in the North End Lake sediments, and allowed for a comparison between the investigated system and other systems worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Kampire

Rubidge

Adams

2017

WSA

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“…Being highly lipophilic and chemically stable, PCBs undergo limited catabolism after absorption, accumulate in the liver and adipose tissues, and are easily transferred to the fetus through the placenta (Park et al, 2008;Grandjean et al, 2012); therefore, PCBs contamination during pregnancy could be considered as inheritable. In addition to the PCBs themselves, their metabolites can also cross the placenta and reach the developing fetus (Fängström et al, 2005;Soechitram et al, 2004;Berg et al, 2010;Grimm et al, 2015). Exposure to PCBs during intrauterine life has been associated, in humans and animals, with several health effects such as birth weight reduction, disruption of reproductive system development, immune dysfunction, and altered brain development (Schantz et al, 2003;Fowler et al, 2008;Fudvoye et al, 2014;Lignell et al, 2016;Kristensen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter DNA methylation and genomic integrity of sheep fetal cells in a simplified in vitro model of pregnancy exposure

Anzalone

Sampino

Czernik

et al. 2018

Toxicology in Vitro

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A B S T R A C TPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants ubiquitously detectable in the environment and in the food chain. Prenatal exposure to PCBs negatively affects fetal development and produces long-term detrimental effects on child health. The present study sought to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chronic PCB exposure on fetal cells during pregnancy. To this aim, sheep embryonic fibroblasts (SEF) and amniocytes (SA) were cultured in vitro in the presence of low doses of PCBs for a period of 120 days, comparable to the full term of ovine pregnancy. Cellular proliferation rates, global DNA methylation, chromosome integrity, and markers of DNA damage were evaluated at different time points. Moreover, SEF treated with PCBs for 60 days were left untreated for one further month and then examined in order to evaluate the reversibility of PCB-induced epigenetic defects. PCB-treated SEF were more sensitive than SA treated with PCBs, in terms of low cell proliferation, and increased DNA damage and global DNA methylation, which were still detectable after interruption of PCB treatment. These data indicate that chronic exposure of fetal cells to PCBs causes permanent genomic and epigenetic instability, which may influence both prenatal and post-natal growth up to adulthood. Our in vitro model offer a simple and controlled means of studying the effects of different contaminants on fetal cells -one that could set the stage for targeted in vivo studies.

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“…Due to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation [127], these compounds were included in the list of Priority Substances of the Water Frame Directive and Stockholm Convention [128,129]. PCBs and their metabolites methylsulfonyl-PCBs have been found in various species as in blubber from Baltic grey seals, fish, birds and mammalian species including humans [130][131][132][133][134][135]. High contaminant levels were found in grey seals from the Baltic Sea and PCBs and their metabolites methylsulfonyl-PCBs were reported as the third most abundant class of anthropogenic substances, present at levels at 10-20% of the total PCBs [136].…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

Ribeiro

Maia

et al. 2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and enantiomeric composition often neglected. However, enantioselective toxicity is well recognized, highlighting the need to include enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment. Additionally, the information about enantiomeric fraction (EF) is crucial since it gives insights about: (i) environmental fate (i.e., occurrence, distribution, removal processes and (bio)degradation); (ii) illicit discharges; (iii) consumption pattern (e.g., illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals used as recreational drugs, illicit use of pesticides); and (iv) enantioselective toxicological effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the enantioselective occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in aquatic environmental matrices. These include pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs). Most frequently analytical methods used for separation of enantiomers were liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methodologies using both indirect (enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents) and direct methods (chiral stationary phases). The occurrence of these chiral micropollutants in the environment is reviewed and future challenges are outlined.

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Metabolism and metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls

Cited by 353 publications

References 274 publications

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter DNA methylation and genomic integrity of sheep fetal cells in a simplified in vitro model of pregnancy exposure

Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

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