Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health—Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies

Aron‐Wisnewsky, Judith; Warmbrunn, Moritz V.; Nieuwdorp, Max; Clément, Karine

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.057

Cited by 186 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Ivermectin is administered to the horses once a year in winter to control their parasitic infestation. Hence, understanding how these regular horse botfly expulsion treatments would impact the intestinal microbiota of the horses becomes important, as the microbiota plays an important role in influencing the host metabolism, immunity, speciation, and many other functions (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). However, previous studies were limited to studying only the bacterial community based on 16S rRNA sequencing, thus lacking information on other members such as archaea, fungi, and virus of the microbiota, and analysis of its functions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Yang²,

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of Euryarchaeota was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the Methanobrevibacter genus and decreased the Methanocorpusculum genus and two other dominant archaea species, Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum. In bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of Clostridium and Eubacterium and decreased those of Bacteroides and Prevotella and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__Viruses and decreased those of unclassified_f__Siphoviridae and unclassified_f__Myoviridae. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Yang²,

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Specifically, Qin et al (2012) and Karlsson et al (2013) undertook metagenomic sequencing in Chinese and Swedish diabetic individuals, respectively, and established that T2DM was characterized by a dysbiotic gut microbiota. Further studies indicated that microbial dysbiosis is associated with insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, and T2DM (Aron-Wisnewsky et al, 2021). Several underlying mechanisms have been demonstrated in mouse studies, including host signaling through lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and bacterial regulation of bile acids (Allin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis and Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy

Huang

Wang

Ma³

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with altered gut bacteria. However, whether the microbial dysbiosis that exists in human diabetic patients with or without retinopathy is different remains largely unknown. Here, we collected clinical information and fecal samples from 75 participants, including 25 diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM), 25 diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR), and 25 healthy controls (HC). The gut microbial composition in the three groups was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Microbial structure and composition differed in the three groups. The α and β diversities in both the DM and DR groups were reduced compared with those in the HC group. Blautia was the most abundant genus, especially in the DM group. In addition, increased levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium_hallii_group and Clostridium genera were observed in the DM and DR groups compared with the HC group. Furthermore, a biomarker set of 25 bacterial families, which could distinguish patients in the DR group from those in the DM and HC groups was identified, with the area under the curve values ranging from 0.69 to 0.85. Of note, Pasteurellaceae, which was increased in DM and decreased in DR compared with HC, generated a high AUC (0.74) as an individual predictive biomarker. Moreover, 14 family biomarkers were associated with fasting blood glucose levels or diabetes, with most of them being negatively correlated. In summary, our study establishes compositional alterations of gut microbiota in DM and DR, suggesting the potential use of gut microbiota as a non-invasive biomarker for clinical and differential diagnosis, as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets of diabetic retinopathy.

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“…The epidemic rise in obesity has chronically challenged human health, performance and quality of life with affecting more than 2 billion people in the world and being related to diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases ( 1 , 2 ). Gut microbiota is composed of numerous bacteria that contribute to nutrition absorption and energy homeostasis ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

et al. 2021

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Increasing studies have shown that obesity is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, type 2 diabetes, and a variety of cancers. The dysfunction of gut microbiota was proved to result in obesity. Recent research indicated ANGPTL4 was a key regulator in lipid metabolism and a circulating medium for gut microbiota and fat deposition. The present study was conducted to investigate the alteration of gut microbiota and ANGPTL4 expression in the gastrointestinal tract of mice treated by the high-fat diet. Ten C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to two groups and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% fat or a normal-fat diet (Control) containing 10% fat. The segments of ileum and colon were collected for the determination of ANGPTL4 expression by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis while the ileal and colonic contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed HFD significantly increased mice body weight, epididymal fat weight, perirenal fat weight, liver weight, and the lipid content in the liver (P < 0.05). The relative expression of ANGPTL4 and the ANGPTL4-positive cells in the ileum and colon of mice was significantly increased by HFD treatment. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the ileal and colonic microbiota suggested that HFD treatment changed the composition of the gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Allobaculum was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the Control group while the abundance of Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Ruminococcus was significantly decreased. Interestingly, the abundance of Allobaculum was positively correlated with the expression of ANGPTL4. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of strategies to control the obesity and related diseases by the regulation of ANGPTL4 and gut microbiota.

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Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health—Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies

Cited by 186 publications

References 208 publications

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Dysbiosis and Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

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