Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Hu, Dini; Yang, Jianming; Qi, Yue; Li, Boling; Li, Kai; Mok, Kai Meng

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.708512

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…1d ). Consistent with two recent metagenomic studies in horses 30 , 32 , Ascomycota (0.56%) and Basidiomycota (0.25%) were among the top annotated Eukaryota phyla in the gut. At the same time, Saccharomycetaceae represented the dominant eukaryote family 30 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes

et al. 2022

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Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to endurance exercise performance. Still, the extent of its functional and metabolic potential remains unknown. Using elite endurance horses as a model system for exercise responsiveness, we built an integrated horse gut gene catalog comprising ~25 million unique genes and 372 metagenome-assembled genomes. This catalog represents 4179 genera spanning 95 phyla and functional capacities primed to exploit energy from dietary, microbial, and host resources. The holo-omics approach shows that gut microbiomes enriched in Lachnospiraceae taxa are negatively associated with cardiovascular capacity. Conversely, more complex and functionally diverse microbiomes are associated with higher glucose concentrations and reduced accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma, suggesting increased ß-oxidation capacity in the mitochondria. In line with this hypothesis, more fit athletes show upregulation of mitochondrial-related genes involved in energy metabolism, biogenesis, and Ca2+ cytosolic transport, all of which are necessary to improve aerobic work power, spare glycogen usage, and enhance cardiovascular capacity. The results identify an associative link between endurance performance and gut microbiome composition and gene function, laying the basis for nutritional interventions that could benefit horse athletes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, the lipid metabolism is usually related to the synthesis of dietary lipids and the use of dietary nutrients ( 56 , 57 ). The most identified metabolites produced by microbes through the lipid metabolism confirm our previous assumption that horse botfly infestation can influence the digestive ability of horses ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous study by our research group has determined that the horse botfly infestation on E. przewalskii can change some specific bacterial taxa ( 37 ) and also altered the archaea and eukaryotic and viral communities ( 38 ). In addition, the functional analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota mainly participated in the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in infected E. przewalskii ( 38 ). Our study will continuously investigate the associations between horse botfly infestation and intestinal microbiota of E. przewalskii through the identification of metabolites derived from microbiota in feces and immunity-related genes in blood, and link its effects on the metabolism and immunity more concretely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Intestinal Microbial Metabolites in the Immunity of Equine Animals Infected With Horse Botflies

Yu-jun²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in regulating the host metabolism and immunity. However, the underlying mechanism is still not well studied. Thus, we conducted the LC-MS/MS analysis and RNA-seq analysis on Equus przewalskii with and without horse botfly infestation to determine the metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota in feces and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the immune response in blood and attempted to link them together. The results showed that parasite infection could change the composition of microbial metabolites. These identified metabolites could be divided into six categories, including compounds with biological roles, bioactive peptides, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, phytochemical compounds, and lipids. The three pathways involving most metabolites were lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. The significant differences between the host with and without parasites were shown in 31 metabolites with known functions, which were related to physiological activities of the host. For the gene analysis, we found that parasite infection could alarm the host immune response. The gene of “cathepsin W” involved in innate and adaptive immune responses was upregulated. The two genes of the following functions were downregulated: “protein S100-A8” and “protein S100-A9-like isoform X2” involved in chemokine and cytokine production, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and immune and inflammatory responses. GO and KEGG analyses showed that immune-related functions of defense response and Th17 cell differentiation had significant differences between the host with and without parasites, respectively. Last, the relationship between metabolites and genes was determined in this study. The purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism contained the most altered metabolites and DEGs, which mainly influenced the conversion of ATP, ADP, AMP, GTP, GMP, GDP, UTP, UDP, UMP, dTTP, dTDP, dTMP, and RNA. Thus, it could be concluded that parasitic infection can change the intestinal microbial metabolic activity and enhance immune response of the host through the pathway of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. This results will be a valuable contribution to understanding the bidirectional association of the parasite, intestinal microbiota, and host.

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“…This technique offers an avenue to understand how the microbiome affects the health and persistence of wildlife animals [24]. To the best of our knowledge, only limited metagenomic analyses of the functional aspects of equid gut microbiota have been reported [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Microbiome Metagenomics in Reintroduced Wild Horses and Resident Asiatic Wild Asses in the Gobi Desert Steppe

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiome offers important ecological benefits to the host; however, our understanding of the functional microbiome in relation to wildlife adaptation, especially for translocated endangered species, is lagging. In this study, we adopted a comparative metagenomics approach to test whether the microbiome diverges for translocated and resident species with different adaptive potentials. The composition and function of the microbiome of sympatric Przewalski’s horses and Asiatic wild asses in desert steppe were compared for the first time using the metagenomic shotgun sequencing approach. We identified a significant difference in microbiome composition regarding the microbes present and their relative abundances, while the diversity of microbe species was similar. Furthermore, the functional profile seemed to converge between the two hosts, with genes related to core metabolism function tending to be more abundant in wild asses. Our results indicate that sympatric wild equids differ in their microbial composition while harboring a stable microbial functional core, which may enable them to survive in challenging habitats. A higher abundance of beneficial taxa, such as Akkermansia, and genes related to metabolism pathways and enzymes, such as lignin degradation, may contribute to more diverse diet choices and larger home ranges of wild asses.

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Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 103 publications

Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes

Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes

The Role of Intestinal Microbial Metabolites in the Immunity of Equine Animals Infected With Horse Botflies

Comparative Analysis of Microbiome Metagenomics in Reintroduced Wild Horses and Resident Asiatic Wild Asses in the Gobi Desert Steppe

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