Metabolism and biological potency of <i>retro</i>-retinyl acetate in the rat

John, K. V.; Lakshmanan, M.; Cama, H. R.

doi:10.1042/bj1030544

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…19,20 However, the most important and well-established function of beta-cryptoxanthin is as a precursor of vitamin A. 5,16,21,22 Vitamin A is needed for good fetal growth and development, immune function, epithelial cell health, red blood cell production, reproduction and vision. 23 -25 Vitamin A deficiency is a health problem in much of the developing world.…”

Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beta‐cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A

Burri

2014

J Sci Food Agric

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Beta-cryptoxanthin is a common carotenoid that is found in fruit, and in human blood and tissues. Foods that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin include tangerines, persimmons and oranges. Beta-cryptoxanthin has several functions that are important for human health, including roles in antioxidant defense and cell-to-cell communication. Most importantly, beta-cryptoxanthin is a precursor of vitamin A, which is an essential nutrient needed for eyesight, growth, development and immune response. We evaluate the evidence for beta-cryptoxanthin as a vitamin A-forming carotenoid in this paper. Observational, in vitro, animal model and human studies suggest that beta-cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability from its common food sources than do alpha- and beta-carotene from theirs. Although beta-cryptoxanthin appears to be a poorer substrate for beta-carotene 15,15' oxygenase than is beta-carotene, animal model and human studies suggest that the comparatively high bioavailability of beta-cryptoxanthin from foods makes beta-cryptoxanthin-rich foods equivalent to beta-carotene-rich foods as sources of vitamin A. These results mean that beta-cryptoxanthin-rich foods are probably better sources of vitamin A, and more important for human health in general, than previously assumed.

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Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also functions in cell‐to‐cell communication and may have unique functions in bone health . However, the most important and well‐established function of beta‐cryptoxanthin is as a precursor of vitamin A …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A

Burri

2014

J Sci Food Agric

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“…While recent studies have dealt with the metabolism of b-cryptoxanthin in freshwater fish (Goswami, 1984), others have focused on the metabolism and biological potency in the rat, with special emphasis on the formation of retinal (John et al 1970). Although several studies on human subjects have quantified b-cryptoxanthin, together with other fat-soluble micronutrients, in plasma or tissue (Thurnham, 1988;Ito et al 1990;Krinsky et al 1990;Ross et al 1995;Olmedilla et al 1997;Grobusch-Klipstein et al 2000), no comparative study concerning the absorption efficiency of esterified and non-esterified b-cryptoxanthin yet exists.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma response to a single dose of dietary β-cryptoxanthin esters from papaya (Carica papayaL.) or non-esterified β-cryptoxanthin in adult human subjects: a comparative study

et al. 2003

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Many orange-coloured fruits contain b-cryptoxanthin in its non-esterified as well as its esterified form. Information concerning the absorption of b-cryptoxanthin, especially with regard to the metabolism of its fatty acid esters, is rather scarce. The present study assessed the plasma concentration reached after consumption of a single dose of native b-cryptoxanthin esters from papaya (Carica papaya L.) or nonesterified b-cryptoxanthin in equal total amounts. In a randomized, single-blind crossover study, twelve subjects were served a portion of yoghurt containing esterified or non-esterified b-cryptoxanthin (1·3 mg absolute) together with a balanced breakfast. Between the two intervention days, there was a 2-week depletion period. After a fasting blood sample had been taken, futher samples were taken from the subjects at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h. The concentration of non-esterified b-cryptoxanthin in the whole plasma was determined by HPLC; b-cryptoxanthin identification was confirmed by liquid chromatography -atmospheric pressure chemical ionization -MS analyses. Irrespective of the consumed diet, the plasma b-cryptoxanthin concentrations increased significantly (P¼ 0·05) and peaked after 6 -12 h. The concentration curves, as well as the areas under the curves, were not distinguishable according to two-sided F and t tests (P¼0·05). Standardization of b-cryptoxanthin concentrations to plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol had no impact on the results. Thus, the present study indicates comparable bioavailability of both non-esterified b-cryptoxanthin and mixtures of b-cryptoxanthin esters. The results support the existence of an effective enzymatic cleavage system accepting various b-cryptoxanthin esters.b-Cryptoxanthin: Carotenoid ester: Plasma carotenoid response: Liquid chromatography -atmospheric pressure chemical ionization -mass spectroscopy

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“…value for 3-dehydrovitamin A was 3870 at 693m,u (Cama & Morton, 1953), and that for retro-3-dehydrovitamin A was 1420 at 670m,t. However, when these two compounds were present together,the procedure employed for the determination of the individual components from a mixture of the two was similar to that used by Varma & Murray (1963) and John et al (1967) for vitamin A and retro-vitamin A. The ratio E390/E350 for various mixtures containing known amounts of 3-dehydrovitamin A and retro-3-dehydrovitamin A was linearly related to the percentage of retro-3-dehydrovitamin A.…”

Section: -Dehydroretinal Was Prepared From the Liver Oil Of Tlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When chemically synthesized anhydrovitamin A2 was fed to vitamin A-deficient rats, it gave rise to 'rehydrovitamin A2' (Balasundaram et al 1958;Bamji, Cama & Sundaresan, 1962). retro-Retinyl acetate was shown to be isomerized to vitamin A in the rat (Varma & Murray, 1963;Murray & Erdody, 1966;John, Lakshmanan & Cama, 1967) and was distinctly different from 'rehydrovitamin A1' isolated from liver after anhydrovitamin A1 had been fed to vitamin Adeficient rats (Shantz, 1950;Varma, Erdody & Murray, 1965b). retro-3-Dehydrovitamin A and 'rehydrovitamin A2' have not been hitherto studied in detail.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, properties and metabolism of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate

Mallia

Lakshmanan

John

et al. 1968

Biochemical Journal

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1. Treatment of 3-dehydroretinyl acetate with aqueous hydrobromic acid resulted in the formation of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate, which, on alkaline hydrolysis, gave the corresponding alcohol. 2. retro-3-Dehydroretinyl acetate was isomerized to 3-dehydrovitamin A when fed to vitamin A-deficient rats. 3. When retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate was administered orally, it was hydrolysed to retro-3-dehydroretinol in the rat intestine, isomerized to 3-dehydroretinol and esterified before being transported to the liver for storage. 4. When administered intraperitoneally, both 3-dehydrovitamin A and retro-3-dehydrovitamin A were accumulated in liver and other tissues, whereas after enterectomy 3-dehydrovitamin A was not detected anywhere in the body. 5. The small intestine was shown to be the major site of conversion of retro-3-dehydrovitamin A into 3-dehydrovitamin A. 6. The extent of conversion of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate into 3-dehydrovitamin A was much smaller than that of the conversion of retro-retinyl acetate into vitamin A. 7. The biological potency of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate, determined by the rat-growth assay, was 2.6% of that all-trans-retinyl acetate, when given orally.

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Metabolism and biological potency of retro-retinyl acetate in the rat

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Beta‐cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A

Beta‐cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A

Plasma response to a single dose of dietary β-cryptoxanthin esters from papaya (Carica papayaL.) or non-esterified β-cryptoxanthin in adult human subjects: a comparative study

Preparation, properties and metabolism of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate

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