Metabolic syndrome, platelet activation and the development of transient ischemic attack or thromboembolic stroke

Rooy, Mia-Jeanne van; Pretorius, Etheresia

doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.12.030

Cited by 63 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…MKs are platelet precursors, and excessive MK differentiation results in abnormal platelet production. Studies have been carried out investigating the causal association between increased platelets and ischemic stroke risk (41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of miR-34a, miR-130a, miR-150 and miR-155 polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke

Choi

Kim

et al. 2016

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Abstract. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small (19-23 nt) non-coding RNA molecules that are endogenous regulators of gene expression. Previous studies have found that some miRNAs are related to the progression of ischemia in the cerebral artery. Furthermore, a recent study found a significant association between miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of ischemic stroke. Therefore, it may be valuable to investigate associations between megakaryocyte formationrelated miRNA polymorphisms and the prevalence of ischemic stroke. We thus conducted a case-control study of 1,000 individuals who were screened for 4 miRNA polymorphisms (miR-34a rs6577555C>A, miR-130a rs731384C>T, miR-150 rs73056059G>A and miR-155 rs767649T>A) by PCR-RFLP analysis. The study population comprised 596 patients with ischemic stroke and 404 control subjects without any history of neurological disorders. We observed associations between miRNA polymorphisms and individual stroke subtypes. The miR-150 polymorphisms were significantly associated with ischemic stroke subgroups, such as left anterior descending artery (LAD) disease [GG vs. AA: adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.922; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003-3.681] and cardioembolism (GG vs. AA: AOR, 2.996; 95% CI, 1.293-6.939). Additionally, Cox proportional analysis indicated that the miR-150GA genotype was associated with survival in patients with ischemic stroke [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.063; 95% CI, 1.142-3.727; P= 0.017] and with the LAD subgroup [adjusted HR, 3.021; 95% CI, P=0.008]. Our findings suggest that miR-150 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of ischemic stroke and may potentially act as biomarkers to predict the risk of ischemic stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association between miRNA polymorphisms (miR-34aC>A, miR-130aC>T, miR-150G>A and miR-155T>A) and ischemic stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of miR-34a, miR-130a, miR-150 and miR-155 polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke

Choi

Kim

et al. 2016

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…The increase in platelet activation, seen with the presence of pseudopodia and membrane spreading, were seen in the metal exposed groups that may cause a decrease in taut fibres and thus an increase in loose or bended fibres. Oxidative stress and inflammation is known to cause platelet activation that can cause pathological thrombi [14, 25, 37]. With the activation of platelets, agonists involved in the formation and stability of clot are released and include adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin, thrombin and thromboxane A 2 [14, 37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative stress and inflammation is known to cause platelet activation that can cause pathological thrombi [14, 25, 37]. With the activation of platelets, agonists involved in the formation and stability of clot are released and include adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin, thrombin and thromboxane A 2 [14, 37]. Platelets also play a crucial role in fibrin formation and tautness, thus the bent fibres seen in the fibrin networks of the metal groups might be due to the platelet functional changes or lack of thrombin production [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrin formation is the final step in blood coagulation and is necessary for clot stability. Fibrin formation is catalysed by thrombin, as it converts fibrinogen to fibrin [14, 15]. Changes to the morphology of erythrocytes, platelet activation and fibrin fibre thickness, caused by exposure to various substances, like smoking, heavy metals, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and the presence of certain disease conditions, may alter the haemostatic process leading to the formation of pathological thrombi [11, 14, 16-20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural, Confocal and Viscoelastic Characteristics of Whole Blood and Plasma After Exposure to Cadmium and Chromium Alone and in Combination: An Ex Vivo Study

Venter

Oberholzer

Bester

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Heavy metal pollution is increasing in the environment, contaminating water, food and air supplies. This can be linked to many anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are absorbed through the skin, inhalation and/or orally. Irrespective of the manner of heavy metal entry in the body, the blood circulatory system is potentially the first to be affected following exposure and adverse effects on blood coagulation can lead to associated thrombotic disease. Although the plasma levels and the effects of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) on erythrocytes and lymphocytes have been described, the environmental exposure to heavy metals are not limited to a single metal and often involves metal mixtures, with each metal having different rates of absorption, different cellular, tissue, and organ targets. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the heavy metals Cd and Cr alone and whether Cr synergistically increases the effect of Cd on physiological important processes such as blood coagulation. Methods: Human blood was exposed to the heavy metals ex vivo, and thereafter morphological analysis was performed with scanning electron- and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with thromboelastography®. Results: The erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin networks presented with ultrastructural changes, including varied erythrocytes morphologies, activated platelets and significantly thicker fibrin fibres in the metal-exposed groups. CLSM analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the membranes of the spherocytic erythrocytes exposed to Cd and Cr alone and in combination. The viscoelastic analysis revealed only a trend that indicates that clots that will form after heavy metal exposure, will likely be fragile and unstable especially for Cd and Cr in combination. Conclusion: This study identified the blood as an important target system of Cd and Cr toxicity.

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“…Blockage within blood vessel occurs due to fatty deposits in blood vessels [24,25] If there is abnormal fibrin clot formation then it influenced fibrinolysis. So, due to abnormal fibrinolysis there is deficiency of plasminogen as well as plasminogen activator deficiency.…”

Section: Ischemic Strokesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinolytic Enzyme: Restoration Tool for Obliteration of Blood Clots

Ashraf¹,

Meer²,

Naz³

et al. 2017

J Mol Imaging Dynam

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Body interrelated complex system maintain body hemostasis but severe vascular injury reprehensible for thrombus formation. Fibrinogen is a prime protein in fibrinolysis. Complex cascade pathway involves in conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to perform fibrinolysis and plasminogen activating inhibitor (PAI) cease this pathway. The genetic and acquired factors influence clot formation while it curbs by factor VIII. This review aims to illustrate significance of fibrinolytic enzymes, Nattokinase, Urokinase, Staphylokinase and streptokinase as therapeutic agent to control myocardial infraction, venous stroke and pulmonary clotting.

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Metabolic syndrome, platelet activation and the development of transient ischemic attack or thromboembolic stroke

Cited by 63 publications

References 105 publications

Association of miR-34a, miR-130a, miR-150 and miR-155 polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke

Association of miR-34a, miR-130a, miR-150 and miR-155 polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke

Ultrastructural, Confocal and Viscoelastic Characteristics of Whole Blood and Plasma After Exposure to Cadmium and Chromium Alone and in Combination: An Ex Vivo Study

Fibrinolytic Enzyme: Restoration Tool for Obliteration of Blood Clots

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