Metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbid conditions and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer

Abstract

ObjectiveFactors that lead to metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC diagnosed under age 50). However, the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC remains unexamined.DesignWe conducted a nested case–control study among participants aged 18–64 in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2006–2015). Incident CRC was identified using pathologist-coded International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and controls were frequency matched. MetS was defined as presence of ≥3 conditions among obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia/type 2 diabetes, based on ICD-9-CM and use of medications. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsMetS was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (n=4673; multivariable adjusted OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43), similar to CRC diagnosed at age 50–64 (n=14 928; OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27). Compared with individuals without a metabolic comorbid condition, those with 1, 2 or ≥3 conditions had a 9% (1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17), 12% (1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) and 31% (1.31; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.51) higher risk of early-onset CRC (ptrend <0.001). No associations were observed for one or two metabolic comorbid conditions and CRC diagnosed at age 50–64. These positive associations were driven by proximal (OR per condition 1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) and distal colon cancer (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18), but not rectal cancer (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.09).ConclusionsMetabolic dysregulation was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC, driven by proximal and distal colon cancer, thus at least in part contribute to the rising incidence of early-onset CRC.

The association of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components with the Incidence and Survival of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Since 2001, several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between MetS and CRC risk but showed inconsistent results. As some studies showed that, MetS plays an important role in CRC [15][16][17]. However, there were also studies showed no significant correlation between the two [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Propolis in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review

“…The top ten causes of death in 2019 listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed seven out of 10 leading causes of death were non-communicable diseases, namely, ischemic heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease (and other dementias), cancers, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease [1]. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to significantly increase the risk of these chronic diseases [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The economic burden to the health service of a patient with MetS is often a few-fold higher compared to a patient without MetS [11].…”

Assessment of mesalamine in the alterations of metabolic parameters in comorbid ulcerative colitis and metabolic syndrome patients: A retrospective study

“…Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) identifies a group of risk factors that increases an individual's risk for several clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . An individual must have at least three of the following risk factors to be diagnosed with MetS: abdominal (central) obesity, high blood pressure/hypertension, elevated blood sugar/insulin resistance (i.e., hyperglycemia), increased triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (i.e., dyslipidemia) 11 .…”