Metabolic Syndrome Induced Bladder Cannabinoid Receptor Changes in the Fructose‐Fed Rats

Chen, I-Hung; Tong, Yat-Ching

doi:10.1111/luts.12156

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…In such studies, there is notable inter- and intra-species variation in the outcome between mice ( Mus musculus ) and rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). Among rats, the most reliable strains are Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 46 ]. Both strains can manifest the many characteristics of MetS with no serious inconsistencies or conflicts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two studies were able to achieve all MetS determinant parameters, although they did not incorporate all aspects thereof, such as organ or tissue mass, caloric intake, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance. However, Table 1 shows that a 60% fructose-based diet encompassed all categories of MetS and achieved all but one: increased BW, length, or abdominal circumference [ 21 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 45 ]. Of those five articles, only one reported visibly increased BW, but it was not statistically significant [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Chan

Yunus

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the physiological clustering of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The MetS-related chronic illnesses encompass obesity, the cardiovascular system, renal operation, hepatic function, oncology, and mortality. To perform pre-clinical research, it is imperative that these symptoms be successfully induced and optimized in lower taxonomy. Therefore, novel and future applications for a disease model, if proven valid, can be extrapolated to humans. MetS model establishment is evaluated based on the significance of selected test parameters, paradigm shifts from new discoveries, and the accessibility of the latest technology or advanced methodologies. Ultimately, the outcome of animal studies should be advantageous for human clinical trials and solidify their position in advanced medicine for clinicians to treat and adapt to serious or specific medical situations. Rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus) have been ideal models for mammalian studies since the 18th century and have been mapped extensively. This review compiles and compares studies published in the past five years between the multitude of rodent comparative models. The response factors, niche parameters, and replicability of diet protocols are also compiled and analyzed to offer insight into MetS-related disease-specific modelling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Chan

Yunus

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Inconsistent responses on TG concentration which have been reported in rats fed with HS diet in previous studies. Rats exposed to a high fructose diet showed a significant increased TG levels compared to the other exposed to a regular diet [7, 17, 18]. In contrast, other studies have reported no change in TG concentration in rats fed with high fructose diet for a short and long period [8, 19, 20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fat-to-sugar ratio in excess dietary energy on lipid abnormalities: a 7-month prospective feeding study in adult cynomolgus monkeys

Wang

Xiao²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundExcess energy intake contributes to metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between excess sugar and fat in their contributions to metabolic abnormalities remains to be further elucidated. Here we conducted a prospective feeding experiment to evaluate effects of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in adult cynomolgus monkeys.MethodsFour groups of adult cynomolgus monkeys were fed regular chow plus emulsion with combinations of high sugar (HS) or low sugar (HS) and low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) for 7 months. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose were measured for all the four groups of animals during the experiment.ResultsPlasma levels of TC and LDL-C gradually increased in all 4 diets groups, with the highest increase found in the LSHF group compared to the other three groups (P = 0.0018 and P = 0.0005 respectively). HF induced increased fasting glucose (P = 0.0077) and HS induced higher TG (P = 0.0227) respectively. Intriguingly, HSHF led to dramatically smaller magnitude of increase in LDL-C and TC levels compared to LSHF, while such difference was absent between the LSLF and LSHF groups. Our findings thus indicate interactive effects of HS and HF on TC and LDL-C. In addition, HF exhibited stronger effects on lipid abnormalities than HS.ConclusionsIn the current study, our prospective feeding experiment in adult cynomolgus monkeys revealed effects of different fat-to-sugar ratios on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, our findings suggest that not only excess dietary energy but also the balance of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio matters in diet-induced lipid abnormalities.

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“…Insulin is not only a hormone but also a growth factor ( Ikle and Gloyn, 2021 ), and fructose-fed rats often exhibit a greater increase in insulin than in glucose levels, possibly reflecting peripheral insulin resistance ( Chen et al, 2018 ). After having noticed a moderate to strong correlation of bladder enlargement with insulin levels in one study with fructose-fed rats ( r 2 = 0.5127), we performed a similar post-hoc analysis on the other five studies with available insulin data: all five studies including another study in fructose-fed rats exhibited very weak, and in one of them and in the pooled analysis of all studies numerically inverse correlations ( Figure 3 ; Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 16 studies in nine rodent models does not support the hypothesis that diabetic polyuria is a main reason of urinary bladder enlargement

et al. 2022

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The urinary bladder is markedly enlarged in the type 1 diabetes mellitus model of streptozotocin-injected rats, which may contribute to the frequent diabetic uropathy. Much less data exists for models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic polyuria has been proposed as the pathophysiological mechanism behind bladder enlargement. Therefore, we explored such a relationship across nine distinct rodent models of diabetes including seven models of type 2 diabetes/obesity by collecting data on bladder weight and blood glucose from 16 studies with 2–8 arms each; some studies included arms with various diets and/or pharmacological treatments. Data were analysed for bladder enlargement and for correlations between bladder weight on the one and glucose levels on the other hand. Our data confirm major bladder enlargement in streptozotocin rats and minor if any enlargement in fructose-fed rats, db/db mice and mice on a high-fat diet; enlargement was present in some of five not reported previously models. Bladder weight was correlated with blood glucose as a proxy for diabetic polyuria within some but not other models, but correlations were moderate to weak except for RIP-LCMV mice (r2 of pooled data from all studies 0.0621). Insulin levels also failed to correlate to a meaningful extent. Various diets and medications (elafibranor, empagliflozin, linagliptin, semaglutide) had heterogeneous effects on bladder weight that often did not match their effects on glucose levels. We conclude that the presence and extent of bladder enlargement vary markedly across diabetes models, particularly type 2 diabetes models; our data do not support the idea that bladder enlargement is primarily driven by glucose levels/glucosuria.

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Metabolic Syndrome Induced Bladder Cannabinoid Receptor Changes in the Fructose‐Fed Rats

Abstract: CB1/CB2 receptors mediate rat bladder relaxation through the PKA and K pathway. The CB1 receptor may play a more prominent role. The response is decreased in the FR bladder due to reduced expressions of the cannabinoid receptors.

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Effects of fat-to-sugar ratio in excess dietary energy on lipid abnormalities: a 7-month prospective feeding study in adult cynomolgus monkeys

Analysis of 16 studies in nine rodent models does not support the hypothesis that diabetic polyuria is a main reason of urinary bladder enlargement

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