Metabolic syndrome and selenium during gestation and lactation

Abstract

With these results, it is not possible to elucidate whether a dietary Se supplementation or a Se-restricted diet are good for MS; because despite the fact that GPx activity is increased in liver, it is also found, for the first time, that heart Se deposits are significantly decreased during MS.

Metabolic syndrome and selenium in fetal programming: gender differences

“…22 The HOMA-IR index and β-cell function were especially low in female pups, consistent with the discrete hepatomegaly found. F-fed pups had very low insulin serum values, with a low numerical HOMA-IR index and β-cell function, the dams exposed to a F-rich diet during gestation and lactation also presented similar results.…”

“…The increase in glucagon serum levels could be related to an attempt to maintain serum glucose levels. However, only female pups show a significant repletion of Se in liver, showing the same pattern of Se distribution as their dams, 22 which could imply that this behavior is typical in females. With regard to leptin serum levels, it is known that F-fed rats also present higher levels with differences between the genders after birth.…”

“…22 It should be taken into account that this increase in hepatic GPx activity is related to higher Se deposits in the livers of female F pups, something not found in male pups. It is important to note that in the enzymatic cascade for combating oxidative stress, the first enzyme to act is the SOD, which transforms the more toxic reactive species (superoxide) into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), the common substrate of CAT and GPx.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that a highfructose intake increases blood pressure and provokes heart failure in patients with MS. 36 Furthermore, Se deficiency contributes to the development of cardiac problems, mainly due to its well-known antioxidant characteristics. Moreover, in a recent study, Nogales et al found that F-fed dams presented hypertension, low heart rate and Se depletion in the heart, which suggest that Se deposits in the heart could play a pivotal role in the myocardial dysfunction found in dams and their offspring, leading to future cardiovascular complications in MS. 22 Muscle is the second main Se-storing organ, after the liver; 38 therefore, when a deficiency in this nutrient occurs, these tissues sacrifice their deposits in order to increase Se levels in other tissues. Moreover, in a recent study, Nogales et al found that F-fed dams presented hypertension, low heart rate and Se depletion in the heart, which suggest that Se deposits in the heart could play a pivotal role in the myocardial dysfunction found in dams and their offspring, leading to future cardiovascular complications in MS. 22 Muscle is the second main Se-storing organ, after the liver; 38 therefore, when a deficiency in this nutrient occurs, these tissues sacrifice their deposits in order to increase Se levels in other tissues.…”

Heart selenoproteins status of metabolic syndrome-exposed pups: A potential target for attenuating cardiac damage

“…In a recent previous work, we have demonstrated in an in vivo model of MS induced by a fructose-rich diet in dams, as well as in their lactating pups, that Se liver deposits and GPx1 expression and activities increased, contributing to the evolution of IR [6,7], as they alter the insulin signaling cascade [8]. However, despite the fact that Se serum levels remained unaltered after fructose exposure, Se deposits in heart were significantly, and surprisingly, reduced in dams and in their offspring.…”