Metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease

Abstract

It is important for a dentist to be well informed and updated on the latest research on the association of oral and systemic health. Of late, the metabolic syndrome has gained importance in dental literature, and metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease have been linked. Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a group of three or more (up to five) interrelated metabolic abnormalities, which increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Also, both MeS and periodontal disease may be linked through a common pathophysiological pathway. Some studies have been conducted to show such an association and additional studies are required to establish this association. A dental surgeon can play a major role in evaluating patients with MeS and thus prevent the development of overt cardiovascular disease.

The relationship between root concavities in first premolars and chronic periodontitis

“…Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans and can considerably impact systemic health . Earlier studies showed that plaques can significantly contribute to periodontal disease , and that complete removal or control of plaques can greatly reduce the extent of periodontitis .…”

A Review on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease

“…Other factors like age, gender, ethnicity, diet, physical activity and various unknown genetic factors contribute to the aetiopathogenesis. [16] Proinflammatory cytokines may be a multidirectional link among periodontitis, obesity and other chronic diseases. [17] High dietary intake and low exercise causes imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leading to increased waist circumference.…”

“…The prime emphasis in individuals with metabolic syndrome is to mitigate the underlying risk factors through life style changes . [47] .ATP recommended that obesity be the primary target of intervention for metabolic syndrome.First line of therapy should be weight reduction with increased physical activity.Weight loss lowers serum cholesterol and triglycerides,raises HDL cholesterol,lowers blood pressure and glucose and reduces insulin resistance.In people for whom life style changes is not enough, drug therapy may be required. It is necessary to treat individual components of metabolic syndrome in order to reduce the individual risk associated with each component.…”