Metabolic profiling of urine and blood plasma in rat models of drug addiction on the basis of morphine, methamphetamine, and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference

Abstract

The metabolic profiles of urine and blood plasma in drug-addicted rat models based on morphine (MOR), methamphetamine (MA), and cocaine (COC)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) were investigated. Rewarding effects induced by each drug were assessed by use of the CPP model. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach was applied to urine and plasma of MOR, MA, and COC-addicted rats. In total, 57 metabolites in plasma and 70 metabolites in urine were identified by gas chromatography-MS. The metabolomics approach revealed that amounts of some metabolites, including tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, significantly changed in the urine of MOR-addicted rats. This result indicated that disruption of energy metabolism is deeply relevant to MOR addiction. In addition, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, L-tryptophan, cystine, and n-propylamine levels were significantly changed in the plasma of MOR-addicted rats. Lactose, spermidine, and stearic acid levels were significantly changed in the urine of MA-addicted rats. Threonine, cystine, and spermidine levels were significantly increased in the plasma of COC-addicted rats. In conclusion, differences in the metabolic profiles were suggestive of different biological states of MOR, MA, and COC addiction; these may be attributed to the different actions of the drugs on the brain reward circuitry and the resulting adaptation. In addition, the results showed possibility of predict the extent of MOR addiction by metabolic profiling. This is the first study to apply metabolomics to CPP models of drug addiction, and we demonstrated that metabolomics can be a multilateral approach to investigating the mechanism of drug addiction.

The Neurometabolic Fingerprint of Excessive Alcohol Drinking

“…Using nontargeted mass spectrometry to analyze the neurometabolome is a novel technique that has so far been rarely used on brain tissue (Masuo et al, 2009;Deng et al, 2012;Zaitsu et al, 2013), especially not to discern subregions of the brain. The mass spectrometric method used here allows rapid assessment of the complete metabolome with very high resolution.…”

UntargetedGC‐MSmetabolomics reveals metabolic differences in the Chinese mitten‐hand crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed with dietary palm oil or olive oil

“…The present study indicates that the metabolic pathways identified from the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) between the OA and PA groups are in line with classic metabolism and represent a typical characteristic of the dietary or medical intervention on organisms (Rocha et al., ; Sun et al., ). It has been known that the number of metabolites detected by GC–MS in plasma varies among animal taxa (Kodama et al., ; Psychogios et al., ; Sun et al., ; Zaitsu et al., ). In the present study, we detected 222 peaks with identification, and among them, 69 metabolites (31.1%) had a similarity >700.…”

Avaliação sérica e psicológica em dependentenes de cocaína/crack em resposta à suplementação de ÔMEGAS 3, 6 e 9

“…Os avanços na tecnologia em saúde, especialmente com estudos conduzidos em humanos e animais na área da metabolômica, permitiram que nos últimos anos se detectassem milhares de novos marcadores que possam definir perfis bioquímicos de drogadição, de forma a demonstrar os efeitos das drogas no funcionamento fisiológico do corpo, com a possibilidade de associa-las a fatores ambientais e entender mudanças metabólicas correspondentes à sua dependência, abstenção, tratamento e recaída (GHANBARI, SUMNER, 2018). Um desses estudos avaliou perfis metabólicos da urina e plasma de ratos viciados em morfina, meta-anfetamina e cocaína, de forma que o nível de vários metabólitos (ácido 3-hidroxibutírico, L-triptofano, cistina, lactose) estava alterado de acordo com o tipo de amostra e de droga, o que pode demonstrar as diferentes ações de diversas drogas nos circuitos de recompensa cerebrais e apresentar utilidade no entendimento da adição em drogas (ZAITSU et al, 2014…”