Metabolic investigations with femodene — An oral contraceptive containing gestodene and ethinyloestradiol

Metabolic effects of combined oral contraceptives

“…Similar SHBG increases have been reported with the new monophasic gestodene and norgestimate combinations with ethinyloestradiol [61] and also the gestodene triphasic preparations [72,75]. This was associated with significantly lower total and, in particular, free testosterone measurements in the desogestrel group.…”

Can changes in sex hormone binding globulin predict the risk of venous thromboembolism with combined oral contraceptive pills?

“…SHBG has been measured and reported in many studies on COCs and progestogen‐only preparations (15–53). We found some 35 published studies, where SHBG had been measured before the start and during COC use in women who had previously not been using contraceptive steroids for at least 1 month.…”

Low‐dose combined oral contraceptives

“…Table 4 compares the effects of low dose COCs containing the progestogens levonorgestrel, desogestrel and gestodene on lipid and lipoproteins (Vermeulen 1982; Powell 1984; Skouby 1982; Cullberg 1982; Larsson‐Cohen 1981; Kraus 1983; Harvengt 1983; Bergink 1982; Samsioe 1982; Ahren 1982; Nash 1979; Rossner 1980; Bergink 1984; Newton 1983; Schijf 1983; Fotherby 1985; Robinson 1990; Refn 1990; Ball 1990; Lepot 1987; Granata 1990; Rabe 1987; Miccoli 1989; Fotherby 1987; Rubeck 1988; Fioretti 1989; van der Vange 1987; Loke 1992; Leuven 1990; Kuhl 1990; Marz 1990; Bertolini 1987; Percival‐Smith 1987; Chapdelaine 1989; Harvengt 1988; Gaspard 1985; Prasad 1989; Kloosterboer 1987; Petersen 1988).…”

“…Most are of insufficient duration to assess long term effects. The most usual outcome measures are the areas under the glucose and insulin curves during oral glucose tolerance tests (Schijf 1983; Bergink 1984; Fotherby 1987; Rabe 1987; Tuimala 1987; van der Vange 1987; Petersen 1988; Ball 1989; Fioretti 1989; Ball 1990; Carson 1990; Granata 1990; Huber 1991).…”