Metabolic implications of a ‘run now, pay later’ strategy in lizards: an analysis of post-exercise oxygen consumption

Gleeson, Todd T.; Hancock, Thomas V.

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00164-2

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…(5) The total excess (mL) was the sum of exercise Vco Vco 2 2 and recovery excess volumes; this value may most closely approximate the measure suggested by Gleeson and Hancock (2001) to calculate cost of transport. Each metabolic trait was tested separately as a dependent factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore analyzed a number of aspects of exercising metabolic rate traces ( Fig. 1), according to Gleeson andHancock (2001, 2002) and our own interpretation of the traces. The following five measurements were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of MCOT clearly requires inclusion of both exercising and recovery in L. capensis. The measure of "cost of activity" (C act ) proposed by Gleeson and Hancock (2001) for both exercising and recovery phases includes a measure of the change in concentration of metabolites, which was not feasible in this study with such small animals (without killing).…”

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the analysis of MCOT requires that all metabolic costs incurred by the animal are included. However, measuring O 2 consumption (or CO 2 production) just during locomotion, without inclusion of measurements during recovery, does not capture all of the metabolic costs associated with activity, a problem commonly encountered for animals that utilize intermittent locomotion (e.g., territorial defense and foraging behavior in many lizards; Gleeson andHancock 2001, 2002). Calculation of MCOT clearly requires inclusion of both exercising and recovery in L. capensis.…”

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This postrun peak in CO 2 production is particularly intriguing. Elevated may reflect (1) increased CO 2 proVco 2 duction due to elevated metabolic rate, (2) a consequence of hyperventilation in response to increased demand for O 2 (i.e., increased metabolic rate during recovery as oxidative processes restore muscle stores of glycogen or creatine phosphate; Bennett 1982, p. 178;Gleeson and Hancock 2002), or (3) increased excretion of CO 2 during recovery from acid-base imbalance caused by increases in circulating lactic acid (John-Alder and Bennett 1981;Gleeson and Bennett 1982). For three lizard species (two varanids and one iguanid), Gleeson and Bennett (1982) recorded arterial blood lactate and H ϩ concentrations peaking 1.5 min after terminating exercise and minimal values of plasma and CO 2 levels after 5 min of recovery.…”

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jettisoning Ballast or Fuel? Caudal Autotomy and Locomotory Energetics of the Cape Dwarf GeckoLygodactylus capensis(Gekkonidae)

Fleming

Verburgt²,

Scantlebury

et al. 2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Many lizard species will shed their tail as a defensive response (e.g., to escape a putative predator or aggressive conspecific). This caudal autotomy incurs a number of costs as a result of loss of the tail itself, loss of resources (i.e., stored in the tail or due to the cost of regeneration), and altered behavior. Few studies have examined the metabolic costs of caudal autotomy. A previous study demonstrated that geckos can move faster after tail loss as a result of reduced weight or friction with the substrate; however, there are no data for the effects of caudal autotomy on locomotory energetics. We examined the effect of tail loss on locomotory costs in the Cape dwarf gecko Lygodactylus capensis (∼0.9 g) using a novel method for collecting data on small lizards, a method previously used for arthropods. We measured CO 2 production during 5-10 min of exhaustive exercise (in response to stimulus) and during a 45-min recovery period. During exercise, we measured speed (for each meter moved) as well as total distance traveled. Contrary to our expectations, tailless geckos overall expended less effort in escape running, moving both slower and for a shorter distance, compared with when they were intact. Tailless geckos also exhibited lower excess CO 2 production (CO 2 production in excess of normal resting metabolic rate) during exercising. This may be due to reduced metabolically active tissue (tails represent 8.7% of their initial body mass). An alternative suggestion is that a change in energy substrate use may take place after tail loss. This is an intriguing finding that warrants future biochemical investigation before we can predict the relative costs of tail loss that lizards might experience under natural conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tail Autotomy Affects Active Metabolic Performance In Lygodamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Jettisoning Ballast or Fuel? Caudal Autotomy and Locomotory Energetics of the Cape Dwarf GeckoLygodactylus capensis(Gekkonidae)

Fleming

Verburgt²,

Scantlebury

et al. 2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Excess postexercise oxygen consumption decreases with swimming duration in a labriform fish: Integrating aerobic and anaerobic metabolism across time

et al. 2019

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Many vertebrate animals employ anaerobic pathways during high-speed exercise, even if it imposes an energetic cost during postexercise recovery, expressed as excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). In ectotherms such a fish, the initial anaerobic contribution to exercise is often substantial. Even so, fish may recover from anaerobic pathways as swimming exercise ensues and aerobic metabolism stabilizes, thus total energetic costs of exercise could depend on swimming duration and subsequent physiological recovery. To test this hypothesis, we examined EPOC in striped surfperch (Embiotoca lateralis) that swam at high speeds (3.25 L s −1 ) during randomly ordered 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-min exercise periods. We found that EPOC was highest after the 2-min period (20.9 mg O 2 kg −1 ) and lowest after the 20-min period (13.6 mg O 2 kg −1 ), indicating that recovery from anaerobic pathways improved with exercise duration. Remarkably, EPOC for the 2-min period accounted for 72% of the total O 2 consumption, whereas EPOC for the 20-min period only accounted for 14%.Thus, the data revealed a striking decline in the total cost of transport from 0.772 to 0.226 mg O 2 ·kg −1 ·m −1 during 2-and 20-min periods, respectively. Our study is the first to combine anaerobic and aerobic swimming costs to demonstrate an effect of swimming duration on EPOC in fish. Clarifying the dynamic nature of exercise-related costs is relevant to extrapolating laboratory findings to animals in the wild. K E Y W O R D S anaerobic metabolism, cost of transport, EPOC, fish locomotion, oxygen debt, unsteady swimming

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Increased predation risk modifies lizard scent‐mark chemicals

2008

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Variation in environmental factors plays a central role on organisms' physiological changes. However, the physiological response to predation risk has rarely been investigated in reptiles. Chemical senses are important for intraspecific communication in squamate reptiles. In male lizards Iberolacerta cyreni the maintenance of relative proportions of lipids in femoral gland secretions is costly, which may ensure honest signalling of quality. We hypothesized that increased predation risk should compromise the maintenance of such lipid proportions, as both a fear response and escaping behavior can have physiological consequences. We simulated predator attacks and found that relative proportions of lipids in femoral gland secretions changed in disturbed lizards but not in control ones. Thus, predator-prey interactions may modulate relative concentrations of chemicals in scents of lizards. Potential consequences of this effect on intraspecific chemical communication are suggested.

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Metabolic implications of a ‘run now, pay later’ strategy in lizards: an analysis of post-exercise oxygen consumption

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Jettisoning Ballast or Fuel? Caudal Autotomy and Locomotory Energetics of the Cape Dwarf GeckoLygodactylus capensis(Gekkonidae)

Jettisoning Ballast or Fuel? Caudal Autotomy and Locomotory Energetics of the Cape Dwarf GeckoLygodactylus capensis(Gekkonidae)

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption decreases with swimming duration in a labriform fish: Integrating aerobic and anaerobic metabolism across time

Increased predation risk modifies lizard scent‐mark chemicals

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