Metabolic Fuel Utilization During Swimming: Optimizing Nutritional Requirements for Enhanced Performance

Magnoni, Leonardo J.; Felip, Olga; Blasco, Josefina; Planas, Josep V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_9

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…It is important to note that the energy partitioning of dietary nutrients depends on feeding status and diet composition (Cho et al 1982). When energy demand changes, as it occurs in exercise, the use of energy fuels depends on the intensity of the activity and the species (reviewed by Magnoni et al 2013). In previous studies on gilthead sea bream, we observed that sugars are preferentially used as metabolic fuels in juveniles subjected to moderate activity and fed a low-protein/high-carbohydrate diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is clear that spontaneous swimming costs may be considerably higher than those of a sustained swimming speed. In this regard, fish seem to adapt their metabolism to nutritional regime and environmental conditions and depend on their ability to match fuel supply to energy use in order to grow (Magnoni et al 2013). Thus, sustained swimming can enhance the utilization of dietary carbohydrates on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate regime, and spare the use of dietary proteins for muscle growth in both rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Felip et al 2012) and gilthead sea bream .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth-promoting effects of sustained swimming in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

et al. 2015

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Fish growth is strongly influenced by environmental and nutritional factors and changing culture conditions can help optimize it. The importance of early-life experience on the muscle phenotype later in life is well known. Here, we study the effects of 5 weeks of moderate and sustained swimming activity (5 BL s(-1)) in gilthead sea bream during early development. We analysed growth and body indexes, plasma IGF-I and GH levels, feed conversion, composition [proximate and isotopic ((15)N/(13)C)] and metabolic key enzymes (COX, CS, LDH, HOAD, HK, ALAT, ASAT) of white muscle. Moderate and continuous exercise in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream increased plasma IGF-I, whereas it reduced plasma GH. Under these conditions, growth rate improved without any modification to feed intake through an increase in muscle mass and a reduction in mesenteric fat deposits. There were no changes in the content and turnover of muscle proteins and lipid reserves. Glycogen stores were maintained, but glycogen turnover was higher in white muscle of exercised fish. A lower LDH/CS ratio demonstrated an improvement in the aerobic capacity of white muscle, while a reduction in the COX/CS ratio possibly indicated a functional adaptation of mitochondria to adjust to the tissue-specific energy demand and metabolic fuel availability in exercised fish. We discuss the synergistic effects of dietary nutrients and sustained exercise on the different mitochondrial responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-promoting effects of sustained swimming in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

et al. 2015

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“…Although this was beneficial in reducing the relative reliance on protein as fuel, overall fuel use was higher in the trout held in a swimming current. Interestingly, carbohydrate may contribute 40% of the metabolic cost of swimming at intermediate speeds, despite carbohydrate only making up~10% of the energy reserves of a fish (Magnoni et al, 2013). In studies by Ibarz et al (2011) and S anchez-Gurmaches et al (2013), an increase in dietary carbohydrate content had beneficial effects on the growth of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) reared with a swimming current.…”

Section: Future Directions and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research efforts on the effects of exercise should also consider diet formulation, in particular to increase nonprotein energy to fuel the metabolic costs of swimming, such that dietary protein can be retained and allocated towards growth. Magnoni et al (2013) emphasised the need for research into how dietary lipids and carbohydrates are used to fuel sustained swimming in fish. There have been some studies investigating how swimming fish use fuels (Lauff & Wood, 1997;Kieffer et al, 1998;Richards et al, 2002;Liew et al, 2012).…”

Section: Future Directions and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic swimming in intensive finfish aquaculture: applications for production, mitigation and selection

McKenzie

Palstra

Planas

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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We review knowledge on applications of sustained aerobic swimming as a tool to promote productivity and welfare of farmed fish species. There has been extensive interest in whether providing active species with a current to swim against can promote growth. The results are not conclusive but the studies have varied in species, life stage, swimming speed applied, feeding regime, stocking density and other factors. Therefore, much remains to be understood about mechanisms underlying findings of 'swimming-enhanced growth', in particular to demonstrate that swimming can improve feed conversion ratio and dietary protein retention under true aquaculture conditions. There has also been research into whether swimming can alleviate chronic stress, once again on a range of species and life stages. The evidence is mixed but swimming does improve recovery from acute stresses such as handling or confinement. Research into issues such as whether swimming can improve immune function and promote cognitive function is still at an early stage and should be encouraged. There is promising evidence that swimming can inhibit precocious sexual maturation in some species, so studies should be broadened to other species where precocious maturation is a problem. Swimming performance is a heritable trait and may prove a useful selection tool, especially if it is related to overall robustness. More research is required to better understand the advantages that swimming may provide to the fish farmer, in terms of production, mitigation and selection.

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The muscle dwelling myxozoan, Kudoa inornata, enhances swimming performance in the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus

2015

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Parasites usurp host resources and, as a consequence, enhance their transmission and increase their fitness while reducing the fitness of their host. Performance capacity is a key predictor of fitness. Thus, the effects of parasites on host fitness may often be mediated by alteration of host performance. We tested the effect of the skeletal muscle dwelling myxozoan, Kudoa inornata, on the swimming performance in spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus. We predicted greater infection would result in reduced swimming performance. Unexpectedly, increasing density of K. inornata myxospores in seatrout skeletal muscle was related to increased fish swimming performance. The experiment was repeated and confirmed these unexpected results. The mechanisms underlying enhanced performance of an infected host are not understood, but their occurrence emphasizes the role of parasites as selective pressures on host evolution.

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Metabolic Fuel Utilization During Swimming: Optimizing Nutritional Requirements for Enhanced Performance

Cited by 10 publications

References 184 publications

Growth-promoting effects of sustained swimming in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Growth-promoting effects of sustained swimming in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Aerobic swimming in intensive finfish aquaculture: applications for production, mitigation and selection

The muscle dwelling myxozoan, Kudoa inornata, enhances swimming performance in the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus

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