Metabolic engineering strategies to bio-adipic acid production

Structural basis for high‐affinity adipate binding to AdpC (RPA4515), an orphan periplasmic‐binding protein from the tripartite tricarboxylate transporter (TTT) family in Rhodopseudomonas palustris

“…Adipate is one of the most frequently used carboxylates industrially, with a global production of~2.6 million ton/year [46]. Conventionally produced from benzene chemical transformations, there is intense research aiming to produce adipate from renewable sources such as lignin, lipids and TCA cycle intermediates, using both natural and synthetic pathways, as reviewed by Kruyer and Peralta-Yahya [48]. Conventionally produced from benzene chemical transformations, there is intense research aiming to produce adipate from renewable sources such as lignin, lipids and TCA cycle intermediates, using both natural and synthetic pathways, as reviewed by Kruyer and Peralta-Yahya [48].…”

“…Its main use is as a precursor for nylon 6-6 fibres, but it is also used in polyurethane production and as a food additive in foods that require acidity regulation [47]. Conventionally produced from benzene chemical transformations, there is intense research aiming to produce adipate from renewable sources such as lignin, lipids and TCA cycle intermediates, using both natural and synthetic pathways, as reviewed by Kruyer and Peralta-Yahya [48]. An adipate biosensor would be useful in measuring adipate concentrations and optimising yields from such processes.…”

Advances in bio‐based production of dicarboxylic acids longer than C4

“…Since 1994, several pathways for cis,cis-muconic acid synthesis from glucose or other carbon sources in engineered E. coli or S. cerevisiae have been developed and the strategies for producing muconic acid in advanced level have been well studied [116][117][118]. However, the bioconversion of cis,cis-muconic acid to adipate used to be a main obstacle for direct synthesis of adipate from renewable sources using this pathway.…”

Bio Adipic Acid Production from Sodium Muconate and Muconic Acid: A Comparison of two Systems

“…This process consists in a first fermentation step to produce muconic acid (MA), which is in its sodium muconate (Na‐Muc) form due to the alkalinity of the fermentation broth, starting from either glucose (from cellulose) or benzoic acid (from lignin) . The conversion of glucose or benzoic acid to Na‐Muc occurs thank to modified bacteria strains of Escherichia Coli or Saccharomyces Cerevisiae …”

“…[19] The conversion of glucose or benzoic acid to Na-Muc occurs thank to modified bacteria strains of Escherichia Coli or Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. [20,21] The so produced Na-Muc is purified to produce MA which is catalytically hydrogenated to AdA. The purification of Na-Muc involves the use of highly acidic environment that isomerizes the cis,cis substrate to the trans,trans MA compound, but it is necessary for the obtainment of a substrate with a purity > 98 %.…”