Metabolic Engineering of Plants for the Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanaotes

Poirier, Yves; Brumbley, Stevens M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_8

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Most PHA have been produced by prokaryotic microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, although transgenic plants were reported to produce PHA (see Poirier and Brumbley 2009). Still, oligomers of PHA were reported to be discovered in eukaryotes, including many tissues and blood of human and animals (Reusch 1989).…”

Section: Prokaryotic Phamentioning

confidence: 98%

Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Chen

2009

Microbiology Monographs

176

116

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced by many bacteria have been investigated by microbiologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, chemical engineers, chemists, polymer experts, and medical researchers over the past many years. Applications of PHA as bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomaterials, medicines, and biofuels have been developed. Companies have been established or involved in PHA-related R&D as well as large-scale production. PHA synthesis has been found to improve the robustness of non-PHA-producing microorganisms and to regulate bacterial metabolism, leading to yield improvement for some bacterial fermentation products. In addition, amphiphilic proteins related to PHA synthesis including PhaP, PhaZ, and PhaC have been found to be useful for achieving protein

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Section: Prokaryotic Phamentioning

confidence: 98%

Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Chen

2009

Microbiology Monographs

176

116

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“…However, due to the significance of the PHB opportunity ( Figure 1) and the progress made with the production of this polymer in plants, we will focus this review on PHB. The production of other PHAs in plants has been extensively described in other reviews (Poirier and Brumbley, 2010;Poirier and Gruys, 2002;Snell and Peoples, 2002;Suriyamongkol et al, 2007), and the reader is directed to these articles as well as the comprehensive summary in Tables 1-3 for detailed information. PHA production within biomass of plants with C 3 photosynthesis…”

Section: Overview Of Prior Efforts To Produce Phas In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHA Bioplastics, Biochemicals, and Energy from Crops

Somleva

Peoples

Snell

2013

Plant Biotechnology Journal

106

122

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SummaryLarge scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in plants can provide a sustainable supply of bioplastics, biochemicals, and energy from sunlight and atmospheric CO 2 . PHAs are a class of polymers with various chain lengths that are naturally produced by some microorganisms as storage materials. The properties of these polyesters make them functionally equivalent to many of the petroleum-based plastics that are currently in the market place. However, unlike most petroleum-derived plastics, PHAs can be produced from renewable feedstocks and easily degrade in most biologically active environments. This review highlights research efforts over the last 20 years to engineer the production of PHAs in plants with a focus on polyhydroxybutryrate (PHB) production in bioenergy crops with C 4 photosynthesis. PHB has the potential to be a high volume commercial product with uses not only in the plastics and materials markets, but also in renewable chemicals and feed. The major challenges of improving product yield and plant fitness in high biomass yielding C 4 crops are discussed in detail.

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“…A third area where to apply the concepts developed in the supply‐demand analysis is the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and related polymers, reviewed in Mooney (); Poirier and Brumbley (); Suriyamongkol et al . () and van Beilen and Poirier (, ).…”

Section: Flux Control For Several ‘Building Blocks’ Of Metabolism Is mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control limits for accumulation of plant metabolites: brute force is no substitute for understanding

Morandini

2013

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryWhich factors limit metabolite accumulation in plant cells? Are theories on flux control effective at explaining the results? Many biotechnologists cling to the idea that every pathway has a rate limiting enzyme and target such enzymes first in order to modulate fluxes. This often translates into large effects on metabolite concentration, but disappointing small increases in flux. Rate limiting enzymes do exist, but are rare and quite opposite to what predicted by biochemistry. In many cases however, flux control is shared among many enzymes. Flux control and concentration control can (and must) be distinguished and quantified for effective manipulation. Flux control for several 'building blocks' of metabolism is placed on the demand side, and therefore increasing demand can be very successful. Tampering with supply, particularly desensitizing supply enzymes, is usually not very effective, if not dangerous, because supply regulatory mechanisms function to control metabolite homeostasis. Some important, but usually unnoticed, metabolic constraints shape the responses of metabolic systems to manipulation: mass conservation, cellular resource allocation and, most prominently, energy supply, particularly in heterotrophic tissues. The theoretical basis for this view shall be explored with recent examples gathered from the manipulation of several metabolites (vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, fructans and sugar alcohols). Some guiding principles are suggested for an even more successful engineering of plant metabolism.Rate limiting steps: do they exist? Yes, but they are not quite as expectedAs most research in plant biotechnology aims at manipulating the amount of selected metabolic products, the question arises: what limits their accumulation? The dominant textbook wisdom wasand partially still is -that in every metabolic pathway there is a reaction limiting the flux (defined as the 'rate limiting step' (RLS) of the pathway), and therefore ultimately the accumulation of downstream metabolites. As a sample quote of this belief, take the following from Ishihara et al. Let us first clarify the relationship between flux and metabolite accumulation. If flux remains unchanged, a metabolite concentration can increase only if other metabolite(s) in the pathway decrease; a constant flux imposes a constraint on the achievable fold accumulation of any metabolite. On the contrary, when flux increases, the end product (as well as other intermediates) can accumulate several folds. It must be noted that even small changes in flux (say a few percent of usual flux) may lead to a mM increase of a metabolite if the accumulation is protracted for many days.The idea of the RLS can be likened, in its simplest and extreme form, to a tollgate on a highway (Figure 1): the number of cars processed in unit time is independent from the number of cars waiting in the queue or of those beyond the gate. In metabolic terms, this comparison is untenable, not only because the rate of an enzymatic r...

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Metabolic Engineering of Plants for the Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanaotes

Cited by 15 publications

References 80 publications

Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates

PHA Bioplastics, Biochemicals, and Energy from Crops

Control limits for accumulation of plant metabolites: brute force is no substitute for understanding

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