Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Clark, Mark M.; Hoenig, Margarethe

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.04.004

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In the case of NF, they could be an example of physiologic adaptations to the original environment of the breed, which included cold temperatures and work as water rescue dogs. In both humans and dogs, all these variables have been associated with obesity, and NF dogs are among the canine breeds predisposed to obesity . However, in the present study, other breeds that were previously reported to be predisposed to obesity did not show outstanding concentrations of these analytes (LAB), and some breeds even showed low median concentrations (DACH).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Among all variables included in our database, for this study, we selected markers of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, TG, and FFA), glucose homeostasis (glucose, fructosamine, and insulin), and inflammation (CRP), all of which have been previously associated with ORMD in dogs and humans …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the diagnosis and follow‐up of diabetes mellitus (DM) relies on glucose and fructosamine measurements . Canine obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD) is also associated with dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, while subclinical inflammation also seems to play a role in this disease …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs

Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco

Peeters

Moyse

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Markers of lipid and glucose metabolism are used in both clinical practice and research. Detection of abnormal laboratory results often relies on speciesspecific reference intervals, but interbreed variation can also affect data interpretation. Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to compare concentrations of selected biochemical variables among different dog breeds. Methods:We analyzed a database containing information on biochemical variables from 534 dogs belonging to nine different breeds. All dogs were confirmed to be healthy based on history, physical examination, and ancillary tests. Concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and C-reactive protein were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests.Results: All variables tested showed significant interbreed differences, although all breeds remained within the previously established RIs for dogs. Fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol showed a wide interbreed variation that could affect the interpretation of results. Conclusions:Breed is an important factor to consider when assessing energy metabolism in dogs, especially for markers like fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol, which vary considerably among breeds.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs

Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco

Peeters

Moyse

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Similar to humans with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity is a common clinical feature of feline diabetes mellitus (FDM) [4–6]. Increasing body weight has clearly been shown to decrease insulin sensitivity in cats supporting the important link between obesity and glucose homeostasis [7, 8]. Dyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretions and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human T2DM [9, 10]; however, their roles in the pathophysiology of FDM are relatively unknown [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential circulating concentrations of adipokines, glucagon and adropin in a clinical population of lean, overweight and diabetic cats

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human Type 2 diabetes; however, their roles in the pathophysiology of feline diabetes mellitus are relatively unknown. Here, we determined the concentrations of circulating leptin, adiponectin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucagon, adropin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, in non-diabetic lean and overweight cats and newly diagnosed diabetic cats. Client-owned cats were recruited and assigned into 3 study groups: lean, overweight and diabetic. Fasting blood samples were analyzed in lean, overweight and diabetic cats at baseline and 4 weeks after consumption of high protein/low carbohydrate standardized diet.ResultsSerum concentrations of triglycerides were greater in diabetics at baseline and were increased in both diabetic and overweight cats at 4 weeks. Plasma leptin concentrations were greater in diabetic and overweight at baseline and 4 weeks, whereas adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to lean and overweight cats at baseline and 4 weeks. Diabetics had greater baseline plasma glucagon concentrations compared to lean, lower adropin than overweight at 4 weeks, and lower IL-12 concentrations at 4 weeks than baseline.ConclusionsOur results suggest that feline obesity and diabetes mellitus are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia; however, diabetic cats have significantly lower adiponectin and adropin compared to overweight cats. Thus, despite having similar body condition, overweight and diabetic cats have differential circulating concentrations of adiponectin and adropin.

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“…By 2030, it is projected that there will be 1.35 billion and 573 million overweight and obese adults, respectively [33]. Studies propose that obesity is a complex co-morbid health concern and one of the leading causes of metabolic and endocrine disorders [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Not only genetic susceptibility but also environmental factors are responsible for obesity, which may account for the reduction in metabolic rate, sedentary lifestyle, and reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system [48].…”

Section: Obesity and Satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity

Kumar

Singh

2020

IJMS

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Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.Contrary to obesity, satiety is a sense of fullness due to ephemeral lack of interest in further ingestion of food, which eventually leads to the suppression of appetite. Fullness is supposed to have a vital role in weight management because it will impact the frequency and amount of food and drink consumed later [53]. The feeling of satiety is a well-organized and biologically oriented process [54,55]. Satiety is a well-articulated process which reduces gastric distension and cholecystokinin (CCK) release in gut post ingestion of nutrients and importantly has been associated with signals from periphery via vagal afferent fibers that terminate in nucleus of the tractus solitaries (NTS) in the brain stem [56]. Besides, leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, is also associated with satiety signals and studies further indicate that satiety response to CCK that was blocked in leptin receptor-deficient rat was regained following restoration of the leptin receptor in arcuate nucleus (ARC) [57][58][59]. Studies also support the role of NTS vagus afferent in response to leptin [60,61]. Feeling satiated will, in the long run, smother the inclination for cravings and lead to lesser consumption of food in the next meal. Satiety is not a response; it involves a complex mechanism for its operation, which includes the crucial role of the hypothalamus and peripheral hormones and determines energy expenditure [62]. Measurement of satiation can be done either directly by assessing food intake or indirectly by subjectively rating the urge for appetite [63]. Schwartz et al. demonstrated that hypothalamus is the central brain region responsible for adiposity signal; however, it is not an active participant in satiety [64]. It is interesting to note that most satiety associated information is relayed to NTS afferent fibers from the vagus nerve and afferent from GIT through the spinal cord. Mechanical or chemical stimula...

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Metabolic Effects of Obesity and Its Interaction with Endocrine Diseases

Cited by 44 publications

References 99 publications

Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs

Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs

Differential circulating concentrations of adipokines, glucagon and adropin in a clinical population of lean, overweight and diabetic cats

Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity

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