Metabolic dysfunction following weight regain compared to initial weight gain in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model

Kim, Min-Sun; Kim, Il Yong; Sung, Hye Rim; Nam, Miso; Kim, Youn Ju; Kyung, Dong Soo; Seong, Je Kyung; Hwang, Geum‐Sook

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.011

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Many studies have observed that obesity affects the metabolism of the host and gut microbiota. 5 , 6 The effect was reflected in the levels of metabolites. 6 − 8 For example, diet-induced obesity suppresses the levels of citric acid, 9 ketoglutarate, and other metabolites in the host and short-chain fatty acids of gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cecal Butyrate (Not Propionate) Was Connected with Metabolism-Related Chemicals of Mice, Based on the Different Effects of the Two Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Obesity and Their Mechanisms

Xiang

Xie

2020

ACS Omega

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Obesity is a metabolic disease and causes significant changes in host and gut microbial metabolite levels. However, little research has been done on the relationship between host and gut microbial metabolites. Thus, this study investigated the connection of the chemicals, based on the different effects of two Inonotus obliquus extracts on high-fat-diet-induced mice and their mechanisms. In this study, C57BL6/J mice fed with a high-fat diet were given I. obliquus ethanol extract (IOE) and polysaccharide (IOP). 1 H NMR-based metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect metabolites, cecal microbes, and expressions of genes in liver. IOE and IOP effectively improved the obesity of mice, including the adjustment of body weight gain, energy intake, energy efficiency, liver glucose metabolism and triglyceride metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and degradation of three major nutrients (carbohydrate, lipid, and protein). IOE significantly increased cecal propionate based on Bacteroides and Akkermansia , thereby inhibiting energy intake and fat accumulation in mice. IOP remarkably improved the level of cecal butyrate by Lactobacillus and the Bacteroidales S24-7 group, resulting in increased energy consumption, and fat degradation by regulating the TCA cycle of the host. Two extracts containing different bioactive substances of I. obliquus improved obesity in mice through different effects on production of cecal microbial metabolites. Moreover, cecal butyrate (not propionate) was connected with chemicals of mice, including four metabolites of the TCA cycle and other metabolism-related chemicals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cecal Butyrate (Not Propionate) Was Connected with Metabolism-Related Chemicals of Mice, Based on the Different Effects of the Two Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Obesity and Their Mechanisms

Xiang

Xie

2020

ACS Omega

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“…The return to a low fat diet (ND) in our study is efficient to normalize both glucose tolerance and inflammatory cytokines expression in liver and adipose tissue (Figure S2), as already observed [33,34], but is not efficient to allow a complete recovery of skeletal muscle inflammation. The relevance of this incomplete efficiency of a uniquely dietary-based intervention to completely reverse the inflammation of all tissues is unknown, but should be considered as potentially involved in the worsening effect of weight regain on obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysfunctions [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Immunometabolic Effects of Exercise and PPARβ/δ Agonist in the Context of Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Obese Female Mice

Garf

Murdaca

Mothe-Satney

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Regular aerobic exercise, independently of weight loss, improves metabolic and anti-inflammatory states, and can be regarded as beneficial in counteracting obesity-induced low-grade inflammation. However, it is still unknown how exercise alters immunometabolism in a context of dietary changes. Agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated-Receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) have been studied this last decade as “exercise-mimetics”, which are potential therapies for metabolic diseases. In this study, we address the question of whether PPARβ/δ agonist treatment would improve the immunometabolic changes induced by exercise in diet-induced obese female mice, having switched from a high fat diet to a normal diet. 24 mice were assigned to groups according to an 8-week exercise training program and/or an 8-week treatment with 3 mg/kg/day of GW0742, a PPARβ/δ agonist. Our results show metabolic changes of peripheral lymphoid tissues with PPARβ/δ agonist (increase in fatty acid oxidation gene expression) or exercise (increase in AMPK activity) and a potentiating effect of the combination of both on the percentage of anti-inflammatory Foxp3+ T cells. Those effects are associated with a decreased visceral adipose tissue mass and skeletal muscle inflammation (TNF-α, Il-6, Il-1β mRNA level), an increase in skeletal muscle oxidative capacities (citrate synthase activity, endurance capacity), and insulin sensitivity. We conclude that a therapeutic approach targeting the PPARβ/δ pathway would improve obesity treatment.

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“…Therefore, understanding this phenomenon and its possible drivers and mechanisms are important to provide insight concerning dieting and disease risk. Much of the current pre-clinical post-dietary studies subject mice to CR with a 30% reduction in normal caloric intake or diet-switch regimens that alternate between a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low-fat diet (LFD), commonly referred to as the "yo-yo diet" [26,27]. This review discusses these two dietary regimens because they are currently the most commonly studied regimens in the field of weight cycling and post-dietary research.…”

Section: Post-dietary Effects In Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the current literature in this field, the duration of mouse studies investigating the effects of post-dietary restrictions ranges between 4-6 weeks following termination of dietary restrictions. A study subjected male C57BL6/N mice to a yo-yo diet for a 16-week experimental period to determine whether they would display an altered metabolic status compared to mice on a non-cycling diet regimen [26]. The yo-yo diet in this study was defined as a cycle of eight weeks on an HFD, followed by four weeks on normal chow (NC), then followed by another four weeks on an HFD.…”

Section: Post-dietary Effects In Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Post-Dietary Effects: Lessons from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

2021

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Dieting regimens such as calorie restriction (CR) are among the most commonly practiced interventions for weight management and metabolic abnormalities. Due to its independence from pharmacological agents and considerable flexibility in regimens, many individuals turn to dieting as a form of mitigation and maintenance of metabolic health. While metabolic benefits of CR have been widely studied, weight loss maintenance and metabolic benefits are reported to be lost overtime when the diet regimen has been terminated—referred to as post-dietary effects. Specifically, due to the challenges of long-term adherence and compliance to dieting, post-dietary repercussions such as body weight regain and loss of metabolic benefits pose as major factors in the efficacy of CR. Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens, which are defined by periodic energy restriction, have been deemed as more flexible, compliant, and easily adapted diet interventions that result in many metabolic benefits which resemble conventional CR diets. Many individuals find that IF regimens are easier to adhere to, resulting in fewer post-dietary effects; therefore, IF may be a more effective intervention. Unfortunately, there is a severe gap in current research regarding IF post-dietary effects. We recognize the importance of understanding the sustainability of dieting; as such, we will review the known physiological responses of CR post-dietary effects and its potential mechanisms through synthesizing lessons from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to provide insight from a translational medicine perspective to allow for the development of more practical and effective diet interventions. We suggest more flexible and easily practiced dieting regimens such as IF due to its more adaptable and practical nature.

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Metabolic dysfunction following weight regain compared to initial weight gain in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Cecal Butyrate (Not Propionate) Was Connected with Metabolism-Related Chemicals of Mice, Based on the Different Effects of the Two Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Obesity and Their Mechanisms

Cecal Butyrate (Not Propionate) Was Connected with Metabolism-Related Chemicals of Mice, Based on the Different Effects of the Two Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Obesity and Their Mechanisms

Complementary Immunometabolic Effects of Exercise and PPARβ/δ Agonist in the Context of Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Obese Female Mice

Physiological Responses of Post-Dietary Effects: Lessons from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

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