Metabolic costs of fighting are driven by contest performance in male convict cichlid fish

Copeland, Donald L.; Levay, Bryan; Sivaraman, Boopathy; Beebe-Fugloni, Caili; Earley, Ryan L.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.05.001

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…marmoratus . Individuals of different dominance status (winners, losers, control) in male African cichlids ( Tilapia zillii ) also did not differ in the levels of post-contest T or KT [33] and individuals with different dominance statuses in male convict cichlids ( Amatitlania nigrofasciata ) did not differ in the levels of post-contest T, KT or F [34]. However, these results are intriguing, because these hormones have been repeatedly shown to have close relationships with this fish’s contest behaviour and performance [22,23] as they have in many other fish [24,25,35] and other vertebrates [13-15,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further analyses showed that the differences in post-contest F between the focal individuals that won and that lost the size-matched contests were probably caused by the post-retreat attacks delivered to the focal individuals that lost – those that received more attacks had higher levels of post-contest F. The results of this study therefore indicate that subordinate status itself does not cause elevated F in this fish - a similar conclusion to that reported in convict cichlids ( A . nigrofasciata ) [34,39]. However, being subjected to attacks does cause an elevation in losers’ F levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winner and loser effects are modulated by hormonal states

Earley

Lee

et al. 2013

Front Zool

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IntroductionMany animals use information acquired from recent experiences to modify their responses to new situations. Animals’ decisions in contests also depend on their previous experience: after recent victories individuals tend to behave more aggressively and after defeats more submissively. Although these winner and/or loser effects have been reported for animals of different taxa, they have only recently been shown to be flexible traits, which can be influenced by extrinsic factors. In a mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus), for instance, individuals which lost an earlier contest were more likely than others to alter contest decisions after a recent win/loss. This result suggests that individuals perceiving themselves to have worse fighting abilities are more inclined to adjust contest strategy based on new information. If this is the case, an individual’s propensity to modify behaviour after a win/loss might also be modulated by intrinsic mechanisms related to its ability to fight. Stress and sex steroid hormones are often associated with an individual’s contest behaviour and performance, so, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that an individual’s propensity to change behaviour after wins or losses also depends on its hormonal state.ResultsOur results show that an individual’s propensity to adjust contest decisions after wins and losses does depend on its hormonal state: individuals with lower levels of cortisol (F), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (KT) are more receptive than others to the influence of recent contest experiences, especially losing experiences, and the influences last longer. Furthermore, although winning and losing experiences resulted in significant changes in behaviour, they did not bring about a significant change in the levels of F, T, KT or oestradiol (E2).ConclusionsThis study shows that an individual’s receptivity to the influence of recent wins and losses is modulated by its internal state, as well as by extrinsic factors. Individuals with hormonal profiles corresponding to lower aggressiveness and a reduced likelihood of winning were more likely to alter contest decisions after a recent win/loss. The results also suggest that F, T, KT and E2 are not the primary physiological mechanisms mediating winner-loser effects in this fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winner and loser effects are modulated by hormonal states

Earley

Lee

et al. 2013

Front Zool

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“…This may account for mounting recent empirical evidence of selfassessment (e.g. Brandt & Swallow, 2009;Copeland, Levay, Sivaraman, Beebe-Fugloni, & Earley, 2011;Rudin & Briffa, 2011;Tanner & Jackson, 2011;Martinez-Cotrina, Bohorquez-Alonso, & Molina-Borja, 2014;Tsai, Barrows, & Weiss, 2014).…”

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confidence: 93%

Aggressiveness as a component of fighting ability in pigs using a game-theoretical framework

et al. 2015

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“…If both individuals play hawk, then the interaction escalates: both individuals suffer a fight cost C, and one individual gains access to the resource. Fight costs can include the time and energy devoted to the contest (Clutton-Brock and Albon 1979;Hack 1997aHack ,1997bBriffa and Sneddon 2007), the buildup of metabolic wastes (Briffa and Sneddon 2007;Copeland et al 2011), increased predation risk (Jakobsson et al 1995), physical damage, or the risk of fatality (Enquist et al 1990;Murray 1990;Haley 1994;Payne 1998;West et al 2001). We assume that the winner of any fight is determined solely by RHP.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation between Self- and Mutual Assessment in Animal Contests

Mesterton‐Gibbons

Heap

2014

The American Naturalist

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Limited resources lead animals into conflicts of interest, which are resolved when an individual withdraws from a direct contest. Current theory suggests that the decision to withdraw can be based on a threshold derived from an individual's own state (selfassessment) or on a comparison between their own state and their opponent's (mutual assessment). The observed variation between these assessment strategies in nature does not conform to theory. Thus, we require theoretical developments that explain the functional significance of different assessment strategies. We consider a hawkdove game with two discrete classes that differ in fighting ability, in which the players strategically decide on their investment toward mutual assessment. Analysis of the model indicates that there are simultaneous trade-offs relating to assessment strategies. First, weak individuals in a population must decide on whether to acquire information about their opponents at the cost of providing opponents with information about themselves. Secondly, all individuals must decide between investing in mutual assessment and being persistent in contests. Our analysis suggests that the potential for individuals to make errors during contests and differences in the consequences of sharing information within a population may serve as fundamental concepts for explaining variation in assessment strategy.

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Metabolic costs of fighting are driven by contest performance in male convict cichlid fish

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Winner and loser effects are modulated by hormonal states

Winner and loser effects are modulated by hormonal states

Aggressiveness as a component of fighting ability in pigs using a game-theoretical framework

Variation between Self- and Mutual Assessment in Animal Contests

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