Metabolic consequences of portacaval shunting in the rat: Effects on glucose tolerance and serum immunoreactive insulin response

Assal, Jean‐Philippe; Levrat, R; Stauffacher, Werner; Renold, Albert E.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(71)90047-3

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar findings have also been reported with fetal pancreatic isografts in the rat [19] and in pigs with vascularised pancreatic grafts [20]. Such findings are in contrast to the results of insulin infusion experiments using a computer controlled insulin infusion pump that have shown no significant difference between peripheral and intraportal routes of insulin administration in maintaining blood glucose levels following a glucose load [21], or portocaval shunt experiments which show glucose tolerance to be unaltered by such a procedure [22,23]. However a portocaval shunt in dogs does lead to rapid atrophy and other structural abnormalities of the liver, which can be partly prevented by infusion of insulin into the portal vein [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Glucose and insulin changes following a renoportal shunt in streptozotocin diabetic rats with pancreatic islet isografts under the kidney capsule

McShane

Morris

1982

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The effect on glucose metabolism of altering the site of the venous drainage of an isograft of isolated adult islets implanted beneath the renal capsule, from the systemic circulation to the portal circulation was determined in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Reversal of diabetes was accomplished by the transplantation of 1000-1200 isolated islets beneath the left kidney capsule. The rate of fall of the glucose concentration (as expressed by the K value) was found to be significantly decreased in transplanted animals (1.7 _+ 0.5%/rain; mean + SD) compared with normal animals (2.4 + 0.5%/rain). Draining the left renal vein into the portal circulation restored the K value to that of normal animals (2.5 + 0.4%). However the fasting glucose concentration was significantly higher and the basal insulin levels lower in both normal and transplanted rats with a renoportal shunt.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Glucose and insulin changes following a renoportal shunt in streptozotocin diabetic rats with pancreatic islet isografts under the kidney capsule

McShane

Morris

1982

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On a 40% starch diet no net uptake of glucose by the liver was observed, despite active glycogen deposition. Similarly, Assal et al (38) found that after an oral glucose load rats with portacaval shunts deposited liver glycogen at much slower rates than did control animals, despite marked hyperinsulinemia. The livers of the shunted animals were almost certainly exposed to much lower concentrations of intestinally produced lactate, a situation that would presumably attenuate the rate of glycogen synthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

In vitro reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in the rat. Reevaluation of the roles of insulin and glucose.

Boyd¹,

Albright²,

Foster³

et al. 1981

J. Clin. Invest.

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C T Studies were conducted to determine whether the direction ofhepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat could be switched simultaneously from a "fasted" to a "fed" profile in vitro. When incubated for 2 h under appropriate conditions hepatocytes from fasted animals could be induced to synthesize glycogen at in vivo rates. There was concomitant marked elevation of the tissue malonyl-coenzyme A level, acceleration of fatty acid synthesis, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In agreement with reports from some laboratories, but contrary to popular belief, glucose was not taken up efficiently by the cells and was thus a poor substrate for either glycogen synthesis or lipogenesis. The best precursor for glycogen formation was fructose, whereas lactate (pyruvate) was most efficient in lipogenesis. In both cases the addition of glucose to the gluconeogenic substrates was stimulatory, the highest rates being obtained with the further inclusion of glutamine. Insulin was neither necessary for, nor did it stimulate, glycogen deposition or fatty acid synthesis under favorable substrate conditions. Glucagon at physiological concentrations inhibited both glycogen formation and fatty acid synthesis. Insulin readily reversed the effects of glucagon in the submaximal range of its concentration curve.The following conclusions were drawn. First, the fasted-to-fed transition of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism can be accomplished in vitro over a time frame similar to that operative in vivo. Second, reversal appears to be a substrate-driven phenomenon, in that insulin is not required. Third, unless an unidentified factor (present in portal blood during feeding) facilitates the uptake of glucose by liver it seems

show abstract

“…The peripheral hyperinsulinemia that has been described after portacaval shunt [3,14,15] was not consistently seen. However, increased glucagon levels in the systemic venous blood were regularly observed in confirmation of earlier reports [26,30,31], As might be expected with hyperglucagonemia in combination with a bypassing of insulin around the liver, the hepatic cyclic AMP was consistently elevated in the dogs, but, surprisingly, not in the baboons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In rats [17,25], dogs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]19,22,33,36], pigs [8,9], baboons [28,33], and humans [4,34,35] completely diverting portacaval shunt causes a decrease in serum cholesterol. The mechanism of this antilipidemic effect is, however, a matter of dispute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of portacaval shunt upon hepatic cholesterol synthesis and cyclic AMP in dogs and baboons

Francavilla

Jones

Benichou

et al. 1980

Journal of Surgical Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatic cholesterol synthesis, hepatic cyclic AMP, and portal and peripheral insulin and glucagon levels were investigated in nine dogs and three baboons after complete portacaval shunt. Cholesterol synthesis as measured with acetate incorporation was reduced in both species. Hepatic cyclic AMP increased in dogs. Changes in portal and systemic insulin were inconsistent, but hyper-glucagonemia occurred regularly. Diminished hepatic cholesterol synthesis is apparently one factor, although probably not the only one, in the antilipidemic effect of portacaval shunt. This altered cholesterol metabolism may be due to a change in the hormonal environment of the liver caused by portal diversion.

show abstract

Metabolic consequences of portacaval shunting in the rat: Effects on glucose tolerance and serum immunoreactive insulin response

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Glucose and insulin changes following a renoportal shunt in streptozotocin diabetic rats with pancreatic islet isografts under the kidney capsule

Glucose and insulin changes following a renoportal shunt in streptozotocin diabetic rats with pancreatic islet isografts under the kidney capsule

In vitro reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in the rat. Reevaluation of the roles of insulin and glucose.

The effect of portacaval shunt upon hepatic cholesterol synthesis and cyclic AMP in dogs and baboons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About