Metabolic consequences of drug misuse

Henry, JA

doi:10.1093/bja/85.1.136

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Given that MDMA is usually consumed in the context of crowded environments and prolonged physical exertion, it is not surprising that hyperthermia occurs in humans (Dar and McBrien 1996;Mallick and Bodenham 1997;Ferrie and Loveland 2000;Green et al 2004) and has been implicated in some deaths (Henry 2000). Unfortunately, the extent of the problem is not known, as only a small fraction of individuals seek medical care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans

2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans

2005

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“…101 Some of these deaths can be partially due to behavior associated with use of the drug, such as protracted dancing without rest periods and lack of adequate fluid intake. There is evidence (both in animals and humans) that the drug causes peripheral vasoconstriction and interferes with heat dissipation.…”

Section: 100mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

Jauchem

2010

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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a b s t r a c tDeaths have occurred after law-enforcement incidents involving applications of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including TASER Ò devices). An ''excited delirium" syndrome (reported in the literature prior to the development of ECDs currently in use), however, includes several factors that may be related to such deaths in custody. In this review, potential detrimental effects of ECDs are compared with possible changes due to excited delirium. Although extreme (i.e., long-duration or repeated) exposures to ECDs can result in significant hyperkalaemia, acidaemia, and myoglobinemia in animal models, limited applications (such as those normally used in law-enforcement situations) would appear to have only transient effects. In addition, the hyperthermia observed in patients with excited delirium does not seem to be directly exacerbated by ECD applications. ECD use is unlikely to be a common cause of ventricular fibrillation, but other events that are generally associated with excited delirium (e.g., drug use) may be related to subsequent ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Metabolic or respiratory acidosis may only be serious consequences of long-duration or repeated ECD applications. On the basis of current available information, factors other than ECDs themselves may be more important when death occurs after the use of ECDs.

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“…Diazepam was chosen on the basis that it protects against cocaine intoxication in rats (14) and humans (15). Among the toxic effects of cocaine on the CNS and peripheral nervous system (16 -18), seizures, hyperactivity, hyperthermia, and cardiovascular dysfunction may be important causes of severe intoxication (19). We therefore investigated the effects in rats of cocaine (40 mg / kg) and atropine (20 and 60 mg/kg) on body temperature, motor activity, seizures, and death, when given acutely or repeatedly, alone or as the combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazepam Protects Against the Enhanced Toxicity of Cocaine Adulterated With Atropine

et al. 2008

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Abstract. We examined the toxicity of cocatropine (cocaine / atropine mixture) and the therapeutic potential of diazepam on some behavioral and physiological parameters in rats. Atropine (20 and 60 mg / kg) or cocaine (40 mg / kg) alone did not induce any seizure or death, but the combination significantly increased both, after both acute and binge treatment. There was a significant increase of EEG mean total spectral power in cocatropine-in comparison with cocaine-treated animals. Hyperlocomotion was observed in non-seizuring rats treated with cocaine or cocatropine. Cocaine, atropine 60, and cocatropine (40 + 20 and 40 + 60) all induced hyperthermic effects in non-seizuring rats, while cocatropine (40 + 60)-seizuring animals had hypothermia. An initial hypertensive and tachycardiac effect within 15 min was followed by a secondary fall in the cocatropine (40 + 60) group. Cocatropine toxicity was partially or fully reversed by diazepam (5 mg / kg), given intraperitoneally after the first seizure. The present findings provide, for the first time, details of a synergistic toxic effect of the cocaine / atropine mixture and of the potential of diazepam for treating cocatropine-related hospital emergencies.

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Metabolic consequences of drug misuse

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans

Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans

Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

Diazepam Protects Against the Enhanced Toxicity of Cocaine Adulterated With Atropine

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