Metabolic and nutritional effects of long-term use of guar gum in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes of poor metabolic control

Uusitupa, Matti; Siitonen, Onni; Savolainen, Kari; Silvasti, M; Penttilä, Ilkka; Parviainen, Markku

doi:10.1093/ajcn/49.2.345

Cited by 81 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Differences in ®bre preparation used could also be an explanation for differences in results found. The study of Uusitupa and colleagues 28 is comparable with our study with respect to the amount of ®bre supplemented, ®bre type and duration of supplementation. The consumption of the granules before each meal (dissolved in a drink) might be more effective at reducing the consumption of the main meal and result in a lowered energy intake and ®nally weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effectiveness of long-term fibre supplementation on weight maintenance in weight-reduced women

Pasman

Westerterp-Plantenga

Muls³

et al. 1997

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ®bre supplementation is effective in weight-reduced subjects for maintenance of weight-loss in the long-term. DESIGN: Longitudinal, randomly assigned intervention study with supplementation of 20 g of water soluble ®bre (guar gum) daily for 14 months after an energy-restricted period of two months (VLCD). SUBJECTS: Thirty-one female, obese subjects (age: 41.4 6 7.4 y: BMI 33.2 6 3.7 kg/m 72 ); 20 subjects were supplemented with ®bre and 11 subjects served as the control group. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight (BW), blood lipids and blood pressure, anthropometry, and eating behaviour were measured before the VLCD (0), after VLCD (2), and at 4, 10 and 16 months. RESULTS: The ®bre group with at least 80% compliance (group A) and the control group showed the same weight regain response after VLCD. The ®bre consuming group with 50±80% compliance (group B) differed with respect to relapse. The rate and amount of BW regain was signi®cantly higher for group B. After 14 months group B had returned to baseline levels, whereas group A and the control group showed a tendency to a lower BW than at baseline (P 0.09). No effect of ®bre supplementation was found on blood lipids, blood pressure and energy intake. Eating behaviour characteristics changed during the intervention and might explain differences in weight maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: No effect of 14 months ®bre supplementation was found on weight maintenance in weight-reduced subjects. Guar gum intake did not result in reduction of blood pressure or cholesterol, or in suppression of energy intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effectiveness of long-term fibre supplementation on weight maintenance in weight-reduced women

Pasman

Westerterp-Plantenga

Muls³

et al. 1997

Int J Obes

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“…In people with diabetes, medium-to long-term (range 4 weeks to 1 y) guar gum supplementation (9-60 g/day) also has shown metabolic improvements in blood glucose control (Aro et al, 1981;Gatti et al, 1984;Kirsten et al, 1992;Groop et al, 1993). However, many studies have reported no effect on glycemic control (Cohen et al, 1980;Uusitupa et al, 1989;Wilson et al, 1989); the dose of guar gum or the method of guar gum preparation and timing of delivery may be the reason for the discrepancy between studies on glycemic control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experiments have noted an increased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects with guar gum supplementation (Uusitupa et al, 1989;Todd et al, 1990;Kirsten et al, 1992) even resulting in subject attrition (Cohen et al, 1980;Aro et al, 1981). However, several studies have documented that these side effects subside after approximately 2 weeks of supplementation (Tuomilehto et al, 1980;Ebeling et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

et al. 2003

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Objective: Dietary supplementation with guar gum or fructose has been reported to reduce the postprandial glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge. As a result of the poor palatability of most foods containing guar gum, a novel low-viscosity beverage with guar gum was developed that becomes viscous in vivo through an enzymatic induction. The primary study objective was to determine the effect of an amylase-induced viscosity (I-V) product, with or without supplemental fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index test meal in healthy nondiabetic subjects. Design: The study was a four-treatment, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized block protocol. Setting: The study was performed at Glycaemic Index Testing, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Subjects: A total of 30 healthy nondiabetic volunteers (13 male, 17 female, mean7s.e.m. age of 5173 y and body mass index of 24.270.4 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. Intervention: In the morning after an overnight fast, subjects participated in four 3-h meal glucose tolerance tests on separate occasions. The test meals contained 50 g of available carbohydrate from maltodextrin and white bread (control) or the same meal with either 5 g of guar gum (3.6 g galactomannan), 5 g of fructose, or 5 g of guar gum þ 5 g of fructose.Results: Treatments containing guar gum had a reduced (Po0.01) baseline-adjusted peak glucose response and incremental area under the glucose curve. In contrast to previous studies, fructose increased (Po0.05) the baseline-adjusted peak glucose concentration. Conclusions: Guar gum incorporated into an amylase I-V product provided a means to stabilize blood glucose levels by reducing the early phase excursion and then by appropriately maintaining the later phase excursion in healthy nondiabetic humans.

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“…Several studies have shown that soluble dietary ®bres, for example plant gums (Anderson, 1985;Jenkins et al, 1979;Miettinen, 1987;Todd et al, 1990;Tuomilehto et al, 1988;Uusitupa et al, 1989) and oat bran Davidson et al, 1991;DemarkWahnefried et al, 1990;DeGroot et al, 1963;Van Horn et al, 1986;Van Horn et al, 1991;Judd & Truswell, 1981;Kestin et al, 1990;Kirby et al, 1981) lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The main soluble ®bre portion of oat bran is beta-glucan (A Ê hman et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

Uusitupa¹,

Miettinen

Sarkkinen³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective and subjects: Dietary ®bre has been suggested to interfere with endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Therefore the effects of oat bran on the proportions of cholesterol synthesis precursors (squalene, D 8 -cholestenol, desmosterol and lathosterol), cholestanol and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) to cholesterol were analysed in serum of 36 hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Design: A randomized study of eight weeks duration where beta-glucan-rich oat bran (n 20, subjects) or wheat bran (n 16) was used as a part of a cholesterol lowering diet. Plant sterols and cholesterol synthesis precursors were analysed from frozen samples afterward. Results: In the oat-bran group, but not in the wheat bran group, serum total cholesterol declined transiently. The proportions of plant sterols and cholestanol in serum, which re¯ect cholesterol absorption ef®ciency were unchanged. However, the proportions of squalene appeared to be transiently increased during the study. Subjects with apolipoprotein E 4 allele had higher serum campesterol and sitosterol levels (suggestive of ef®cient cholesterol absorption) than those with homozygous apolipoprotein E 3 allele. Conclusions: Since the cholesterol precursors in serum re¯ecting endogenous cholesterol synthesis remained almost unchanged the reduction in the serum cholesterol level by oat bran treatment can not be ascribed to an inhibition of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis.

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Metabolic and nutritional effects of long-term use of guar gum in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes of poor metabolic control

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

The effectiveness of long-term fibre supplementation on weight maintenance in weight-reduced women

The effectiveness of long-term fibre supplementation on weight maintenance in weight-reduced women

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

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