Metabolic activity of tree saps of different origin towards cultured human cells in the light of grade correspondence analysis and multiple regression modeling

Abstract

Tree saps are nourishing biological media commonly used for beverage and syrup production. Although the nutritional aspect of tree saps is widely acknowledged, the exact relationship between the sap composition, origin, and effect on the metabolic rate of human cells is still elusive. Thus, we collected saps from seven different tree species and conducted composition-activity analysis. Saps from trees of Betulaceae, but not from Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, nor Juglandaceae families, were increasing the metabolic rate of HepG2 cells, as measured using tetrazolium-based assay. Content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, fumarates, malates, and succinates in sap samples varied across different tree species. Grade correspondence analysis clustered trees based on the saps' chemical footprint indicating its usability in chemotaxonomy. Multiple regression modeling showed that glucose and fumarate present in saps from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) are positively affecting the metabolic activity of HepG2 cells.

Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin

“…Birch juice, a colorless and transparent or can be slightly yellow fresh juice from the birch, contains rich nutrients and biologically active material. It is often regarded as a kind of simple and quick beverage, and it also has medicinal and cosmetic effects [10][11][12][13][14]. To date, birch juice contains 11 kinds of fatty acids, 18 kinds of amino acids, 4 kinds of vitamins and 18 kinds of mineral elements as well as compounds of nicotinic acid, essential oil, betula bud acid, saponin, cell division elements, growth elements, sulfur ammonia elements, and pyridoxine [15][16][17].…”