The addition of EEP to GIC increased the microhardness of the GIC and did not adversely affect the microleakage. Thus, it might be used during routine dental practice due to its antibacterial properties.
Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural proteinaceous by-product of the food industry, especially in the pasteurized egg industry, resulting in the availability of much discarded egg waste. In the literature, eggshell (ES) and ESM usage for their adsorbent properties to remove various organic and inorganic hazardous chemicals, especially from wastewater, has gained interest. In addition, agricultural (olive leaf) and food industry (eggshell and eggshell membrane) waste can together be valorized to produce value-added functional products. This study’s objective was to evaluate the eggshell membrane’s loading capacity for bioactive compounds obtained from olive leaf extract (OLE) in order to prepare functional biomaterial. In this study, waste eggshell membranes were used to adsorb the phenolic compounds from olive leaf extract to design functional biomaterials. Using the foam separation method, both separation of the eggshell membrane and adsorption of bioactive compounds to the eggshell membrane were achieved simultaneously. The characterization studies showed that OLE was successfully adsorbed to the eggshell membrane. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial studies showed that prepared OLE-loaded membranes were functional materials with bioactive properties. In conclusion, ESM was determined as a promising protein in the production of functional antioxidative and antimicrobial food or dietary supplement after the adsorption of bioactive olive leaf polyphenols.
The aim of the current study is to find out the possibility of transfer of affective domains of reading specifically reading habits and attitudes from L1 to EFL and the role of learners' proficiency level on these reading habits and attitudes. The study was designed as a descriptive research. The participants were 273 university-level students who enrolled in English classes in a state university in Turkey. 136 of them were at beginner level (A1) and 137 of them were at elementary (A2) level according to the proficiency level based on CEFR. Attitudes Towards Reading Habits Scale, English Reading Habits Scale and reading parts of English Comprehension Level Test were used to collect data. The results of the study have revealed that there is not any significant and meaningful relation between beginner (A1) level learners' L1 reading attitudes and EFL reading habits (r=.016 and p>.01). However, the relation between elementary (A2) level learners' L1 reading attitudes and EFL reading habits is positive and significant (r=.208 and p<.01). L1 reading attitudes can predict the 10% of the EFL reading habits in a positive and significant manner (R= .306, R²= .10, F = 2,233, p<.05). In terms of learners' reading proficiency level, the results of the study have showed that for elementary (A2) level learners, the relation between EFL reading habits and their reading proficiency is positive and significant (r=395 and p<.01). Their reading proficiency level can predict the 15% of the EFL reading habits in a positive and significant manner (R= .395, R²= .15, F = 24.921, p<.01).
The shrublands are very common in Urla-Çeşme-Karaburun peninsula located in the western point of Turkey. Prickly shrubby burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum L.) is one of the common weed which has intensive thorns making its consumption for the local domestic animals. However, Sarcopoterium spinosum is a valuable and common medicinal plant in the Mediterranean region. Crude extract of S. spinosum leaves exhibited higher antioxidant activity, as 3143.5± 238.5 µM TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity)/g dry weight (DW), when compared to other medicinal plants found in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extraction parameters on the content and biological activity of the extract by response surface methodology (RSM) as well as to identify its major compounds. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to investigate the phenolic content of S. spinosum extract. The composition of the phenolic contents including hyperoside and isoquercetin, the latter being the major component, in S. spinosum extract has been shown for the first time by HPLC. Antimicrobial activity of S. spinosum extract, identified by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assay, indicated that the crude extract had antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
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