Meta-Analysis: Overweight, Obesity, and Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Objective. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurological disease and its risk factors remain largely unknown. A meta-analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship of overweight and obesity with PD. Methods. We used PubMed, EMBASE, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to identify studies of associations between overweight/obesity and PD. Overweight, obesity, and PD were used as keywords, and published works were retrieved until September 30, 2013. The extracted data were classified (BMI ≥ 30, 25 ≤ BMI < 30, and BMI < 25) according to BMI values and analyzed using RevMan5.2 and Stata11.0. Results. Four cohort studies and three case-control studies were used to evaluate the association between overweight/obesity and PD, including 2857 PD patients and 5, 683, 939 cases of non-PD controls. There was a statistically significant difference between 25 ≤ BMI < 30 and BMI < 25 in the cohort study (RR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.03–1.32, P = 0.03), but there was no difference between BMI ≥ 30 and BMI < 25 or BMI ≥ 30 and 25 ≤ BMI < 30, where the respective RR was 1.16 and 0.84; the respective 95% CI was 0.67–2.01 and 0.61–1.15, respectively, and the P values were 0.60 and 0.28, respectively. Case-control studies showed that there was no statistical difference between any two groups. Conclusion. Meta-analysis showed that overweight might be a potential risk factor of PD. Demonstration of a causal role of overweight/obesity in PD development could have important therapeutic implications.

Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of Parkinson's disease: a population‐based cohort study

“…Most cases of OSA in this study, therefore, were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms (witnessed persistent snoring and apnea). As the positive predictive rate of snoring in detecting OSA was approximately 66.2% (Chen et al ., ), we surmised that the positive predictive rate of witnessed snoring plus apnea should be higher than that of snoring only, although the exact value has never been reported.…”

The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease

“…Physical inactivity is associated with the development of many devastating chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity . Some studies suggest a relationship between insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, or diet and the development of PD (Table ) . Together, these traits define an endocrine disease of epidemic proportion rooted in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress: metabolic syndrome (MetS) .…”

“…24 Some studies suggest a relationship between insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, or diet and the development of PD (Table 2). 27,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] Together, these traits define an endocrine disease of epidemic proportion rooted in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress: metabolic syndrome (MetS). 26 MetS is a cluster of abnormalities that contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and overall mortality.…”

“…27,72 Most studies have evaluated the risk of PD from a single component of MetS, rather than the sum of its parts. For example, increased body mass index and adiposity are associated with the risk of PD in a dose-dependent fashion in some 62,64,65 but not all studies. 67,73 Rodent studies suggest a possible mechanism for this, as obesity has been shown to produce a-synucleinopathy through changes in Akt phosphorylation states, which are important for insulin and neurotropic factor signaling.…”

General and abdominal adiposity and the risk of Parkinson's disease: A prospective cohort study

“…Alcohol consumption, calcium channel blocker use, coffee consumption and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use have been associated with relative risk reductions [1], and interestingly and most controversial, numerous epidemiologic studies showed that tobacco smoking could also be a protective factor for PD [6][7][8]. The role of excess body weight and its association with PD risk is still unclear [1,9,10].…”