Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Whole Grain Intake and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Tang, Gang; Long, Jun; Yang, Fan; Si, Liang-Yi

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.12.015

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, this is to our knowledge, the first metaanalysis that investigated the association between whole grain intake and HF, showing an inverse association. The observed inverse association between whole grain intake and risk of CHD is consistent with results from previous meta-analyses on CHD (Anderson et al 2000;Aune et al 2016b;Mellen, Walsh, and Herrington 2008;Mente et al 2009;Tang et al 2015). The essential nutrients along with the phytonutrients and fibre present in whole grains may synergistically contribute to their beneficial effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Bechthold¹,

Boeing

Schwedhelm

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

486

492

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(2017): Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080DOI: 10. /10408398.2017 Background: Despite growing evidence for food-based dietary patterns' potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, knowledge about the amounts of food associated with the greatest change in risk of specific cardiovascular outcomes and about the quality of meta-evidence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this metaanalysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups (whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugarsweetened beverages [SSB]) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF).Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase up to March 2017 for prospective studies. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model for highest versus lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and non-linear relationships.Results: Overall, 123 reports were included in the meta-analyses. An inverse association was present for whole grains ( (1.02-1.34), RR HF : 1.12 (1.05-1.19)), and SSB consumption (RR CHD : 1.17 (1.11-1.23), RR stroke : 1.07 (1.02-1.12), RR HF : 1.08 (1.05-1.12)) in the linear dose-response meta-analysis. There were clear indications for nonlinear dose-response relationships between whole grains, fruits, nuts, dairy, and red meat and CHD.Conclusion: An optimal intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, dairy, fish, red and processed meat, eggs and SSB showed an important lower risk of CHD, stroke, and HF.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Bechthold¹,

Boeing

Schwedhelm

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

486

492

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“…While total carbohydrate consumption has little relation to cardiometabolic health, the quality of carbohydrate-rich foods is linked to risk ( Figure 6, Figure 7 ). 152-160 The conventional chemistry-based classification of simple (sugar) vs. complex (starch) carbohydrates has little physiologic relevance, as saccharide chain length has little influence on digestion rate or metabolic effects. More meaningful characteristics include dietary fiber content, glycemic responses to digestion, processing (intact, partially milled, fully milled, liquid), and whole grain content.…”

Section: Foods and Cardiometabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

2016

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Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not just obesity and blood lipids; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (e.g., sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to-date supports cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: e.g., local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, non-GMO. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on non-genetic characteristics (e.g., physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies, including those targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.

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“…Regular consumption of whole grain (WG) 9 as part of a healthy diet has consistently been associated with reduced risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers (1)(2)(3)(4). Food and health authorities in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway recommend the population consume $75 g WG/10 MJ (2400 kcal) daily (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Reported Whole-Grain Intake from a Web-Based Dietary Record against Plasma Alkylresorcinol Concentrations in 8- to 11-Year-Olds Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Biltoft-Jensen

Damsgaard

Andersen

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Whole Grain Intake and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

Validation of Reported Whole-Grain Intake from a Web-Based Dietary Record against Plasma Alkylresorcinol Concentrations in 8- to 11-Year-Olds Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial

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