Mesospheric ozone — theory and observation

Vaughan, G.

doi:10.1002/qj.49711046316

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For example, Allen et al [1984] estimates that the nighttime density of ozone should be nearly constant from 50 km up to about 80 km since the amount of existing oxygen (and hydrogen) are depleted soon after dusk. Vaughan [1984] state that below 65 km, O is almost completely converted to O 3 soon after dusk and the night/day ratio in ozone concentration reflects this balance and also increases with height. However, Zommerfelds et al [1989] have also found post midnight increases using ground-based microwave radiometry measurements over Bern, Switzerland (47°N) from December 1986 through June 1987.…”

Section: Nighttime Variationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

et al. 2008

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[1] Ozone measurements from SABER on the TIMED satellite form a unique data set. They provide global information over the range of local solar times, from the lower stratosphere into the lower thermosphere, from the beginning of 2002, by one instrument. On the basis of zonal means of these data, we present new results from 20 to 100 km in altitude and from 48°S to 48°N in latitude, of ozone diurnal variations over 24 h in local solar time and over an annual cycle. While some of the results are new for the stratosphere, such comprehensive results for the mesosphere and lower thermosphere have not been available before. The diurnal variations generally become increasingly significant from the upper stratosphere into the lower thermosphere and provide information on the photochemistry of ozone and effects of transport over a diurnal cycle. Over most altitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), our estimates show the expected decrease in ozone after sunrise, with smaller variations during the day, and the increase near sunset. Outside of a small altitude near 80 km, the nighttime mixing ratios are generally larger than the daytime values. The diurnal variations themselves appear to exhibit variations over an annual cycle, including semiannual and annual variations. We compare the SABER results with data obtained about 10 years earlier by the MLS instrument on UARS, and with results by others based on data from HRDI on UARS, from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME), from selected space shuttle experiments, and from ground-based measurements. From the middle mesosphere to higher altitudes, departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) can be significant, and the uncertainties can be larger than those at lower altitudes.Citation: Huang, F. T., H. G. Mayr, J. M. Russell III, M. G. Mlynczak, and C. A. Reber (2008), Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED,

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Section: Nighttime Variationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

et al. 2008

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“…Numerical simulations with a photochemical box model in the middle stratosphere at northern midlatitudes showed that ozone decreases for a short time of 1-2 h after sunrise by about 1 % with respect to midnight ozone (Herman, 1979;Pallister and Tuck, 1983;Vaughan, 1982Vaughan, , 1984Allen et al, 1984). Pallister and Tuck (1983) attributed the dip in morning ozone to the fast increase of NO after sunrise.…”

Section: S Studer Et Al: Climatology Of the Diurnal Ozone Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A climatology of the diurnal variations in stratospheric and mesospheric ozone over Bern, Switzerland

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The ground-based radiometer GROMOS, stationed in Bern (47.95 • N, 7.44 • E), Switzerland, has a unique data set: it obtains ozone profiles from November 1994 to present with a time resolution of 30 min and equivalent quality during night-and daytime. Here, we derive a monthly climatology of the daily ozone cycle from 17 years of GRO-MOS observation. We present the diurnal ozone variation of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Characterizing the diurnal cycle of stratospheric ozone is important for correct trend estimates of the ozone layer derived from satellite observations. The diurnal ozone cycle from GROMOS is compared to two models: the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and the Hamburg Model of Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA). Generally, observation and models show a good agreement: in the lower mesosphere, daytime ozone is for both GROMOS and models around 25 % less than midnight ozone. In the stratosphere, ozone reaches its maximum in the afternoon showing values several percent larger than the midnight value. Further, GROMOS and models indicate a seasonal behaviour of the diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere with a larger afternoon maximum during daytime in summer than in winter. Using the 17 years of ozone profiles from GROMOS, we find strong interannual variations in the diurnal ozone cycle for both the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Interannual variability in temperature, atmospheric circulation and composition may explain the observed interannual variability of the diurnal ozone cycle above Bern.

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“…[3] The diurnal variation of upper stratospheric and mesospheric ozone has been intensively discussed [Prather, 1981;Pallister and Tuck, 1983;Vaughan, 1984]. Odd oxygen (O x = O + O 3 ) is produced during the day through photolysis of molecular oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, odd oxygen is catalytically destroyed during the day by NO x , ClO x and HO x . These processes lead to a characteristic daytime variation in ozone and to a dependence of the night/day ratio of ozone on water vapor, which is the main source of HO x compounds [Vaughan, 1984;Marsh et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal changes in middle atmospheric H₂O and O₃: Observations in the Alpine region and climate models

Haefele¹,

Hocke²,

Kämpfer³

et al. 2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In this paper we investigate daily variations in middle atmospheric water vapor and ozone based on data from two ground-based microwave radiometers located in the Alpine region of Europe. Temperature data are obtained from a lidar located near the two stations and from the SABER experiment on the TIMED satellite. This unique set of observations is complemented by three different three-dimensional (3-D) chemistry-climate models (Monitoring of Stratospheric Depletion of the Ozone Layer (MSDOL), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Reactive Processes Ruling the Ozone Budget in the Stratosphere (LMDz-REPROBUS), and Solar Climate Ozone Links (SOCOL)) and the 2-D atmospheric global-scale wave model (GSWM). The first part of the paper is focused on the first Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) tidal campaign that consisted of a period of intensive measurements during September 2005. Variations in stratospheric water vapor are found to be in the order of 1% depending on altitude. Meridional advection of tidal nature is likely to be the dominant driving factor throughout the whole stratosphere, while vertical advection becomes more important in the mesosphere. Observed ozone variations in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere show amplitudes of several percent in accordance with photochemical models. Variations in lower stratospheric ozone are not solely governed by photochemistry but also by dynamics, with the temperature dependence of the photochemistry becoming more important. The second part presents an investigation of the seasonal dependence of daily variations. Models tend to underestimate the H 2 O diurnal amplitudes, especially during summer in the upper stratosphere. Good agreement between models and observations is found for ozone in the upper stratosphere, which reflects the fact that the O 3 daily variations are driven by the photochemistry that is well modeled.

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Mesospheric ozone — theory and observation

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

A climatology of the diurnal variations in stratospheric and mesospheric ozone over Bern, Switzerland

Diurnal changes in middle atmospheric H₂O and O₃: Observations in the Alpine region and climate models

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Mesospheric ozone — theory and observation

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

A climatology of the diurnal variations in stratospheric and mesospheric ozone over Bern, Switzerland

Diurnal changes in middle atmospheric H2O and O3: Observations in the Alpine region and climate models

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Diurnal changes in middle atmospheric H₂O and O₃: Observations in the Alpine region and climate models