“…However, modelling such microscale thickness in a mesoscale continuum FE mesh may lead to too fine meshes along the ITZ and thus numerical difficulties. Therefore in most numerical studies, the ITZ thickness is set as 0.2-0.8 mm (Zhou and Hao, 2008a,b) and 0.5 mm (Song and Lu, 2012;Pedersen et al, 2013) heterogeneous and weaker than the mortar, yet the variation of the mechanical properties across the ITZ thickness is still not clearly understood. Therefore the ITZ mechanical properties are often assumed homogenous across the thickness for numerical convenience (Kim and Abu Al-Rub, 2011).…”