Mesoporous Tungsten Trioxide Polyaniline Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

A nanocomposite of polyaniline (PANI)/mesoporous tungsten trioxide (m‐WO3) was synthesized by the chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline coated onto an ordered m‐WO3 and investigated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The nanocomposite was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge tests. The reversible capacity of the PANI/m‐WO3 in the first cycle was 1064 mAh g−1 at 60 mA g−1 and remained at 803 mAh g−1 at 180 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, while the initial charge capacity of m‐WO3 was 556 mAh g−1 and remained only at 303 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite can be ascribed to the electronical conductivity of PANI and the chemical interaction between PANI and m‐WO3. More importantly, the unique PANI coating layer on the m‐WO3 is believed to play an important role in the capacity contribution of the composite.

Review on Recent Progress in the Development of Tungsten Oxide Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…Li et al. synthesized PANI/m‐WO 3 nanocomposites for LIBs . First, m‐WO 3 particles were synthesized by using a mesoporous silica KIT‐6 template, which was followed by the in situ polymerization of PANI over the m‐WO 3 particles.…”

In‐Situ Synthesis of Tetraphenylporphyrin/Tungsten (VI) Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide (TPP/WO3/RGO) Nanocomposite for Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Blue 25

“…Raman spectroscopy was used as a fingerprint of bonding between different functional groups that are present in the molecules or composites. The Raman spectrum of WO 3 (Figure (a)) confirmed the formation of crystalline WO 3 monoclinic and hexagonal phases as supported by literature . The W–W bond is identified near 187 cm −1 wavenumbers; however, the intensity varies because of the crystallinity of WO 3 nanoparticles which is influenced by porphyrin presence.…”

“…FTIR analysis was employed to study the composition of the organic part of the samples as well as different available tungsten bonds in crystalline structures of the samples (Figure ). WO 3 exhibit a strong peak located at 445 − 1204 cm −1 which is assigned to the stretching vibration of a bridging oxygen atom between two tungsten atoms ν (W−O− W), tungsten peroxo (W(O) 2 ) and peroxo (O−O) groups are typical vibration bands of peroxotungstic acid and the stretching mode of the terminal W=O double bond . This confirms mixed phases of WO 3 and peak intensity reduction in the composites proved that there was an interaction between the WO 3 and the other components in the composite.…”

“…Raman peaks observed at low wavenumbers of 268 and 327 cm −1 relates to the bending vibration of W–O–W bond. The higher wavenumber peak at 716 cm −1 is due to the O–W–O vibration and the one at 808 cm −1 corresponds to the crystalline WO 3 stretching vibration of the bridging oxygen of W–O–W …”

“…This confirms mixed phases of WO 3 and peak intensity reduction in the composites proved that there was an interaction between the WO 3 and the other components in the composite. The broad vibration at 1400 cm −1 is attributed to NH 4 + counter ions which are necessary to stabilize the structure of WO 3 (Figure (a)) and the peak at 1684 cm −1 is assigned to OH and C=C or C=O from the used citric acid.…”